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CO-Capturing-Technology.pdf

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CO-Capturing-Technology.pdf

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  1. CO2 Capturing Technology Pathway to a Carbon- Neutral Future NAME:AyanAshraf MIS no.;612311013

  2. The Critical Role of Carbon Capture What is CO2 Capture? Global CO2emissionshave continuedto riseover the decades, making large-scalecapture andremoval essential to meeting climate goals. CO2 capture, or Carbon Captureand Storage (CCS), is the process of trapping carbon dioxide from industrial sources or the ambient air before it is released into the atmosphere. 45 It is a vital technology for climate mitigation, focusing on neutralizing hard-to-abate emissions from sectors like heavy industry and fossil fuel-based power generation. 30 15 0 1950 1975 2000 2010 2020 2025

  3. Major Global Sources of CO¢ Emissions Understandingwhereemissionsoriginateisthefirststepindeployingeffectivecapturestrategies.Powergenerationandindustry remainthelargesttargets. Power & Heat Generation (40%) Coal, natural gas, and oil combustion for electricity and heating. Industry (25%) Process emissions from cement, steel, and chemical manufacturing. Transport Power/Heat Industry Agriculture/Land Use Buildings Transportation (18%) Road, air, and marine fuel consumption (often targeted by direct removal).

  4. Four Key CO2 Captur Strategies Theselectionofcapturetechnologydependsonthesourceconcentration,pressure,andoperationalconstraintsofthe emission source. Post-combustion Pre-combustion Oxy-fuel Direct Air Capture Pre-Combustion Post-Combustion Removes CO¢ before fuel combustion (e.g., integrated gasification combined cycle plants). Separates CO¢ from flue gases after combustion. Most common for existing power plants. Oxy-FuelCombustion DirectAirCapture(DAC) Combusts fuel in pure oxygen, creating a concentrated CO¢ and water stream for easier capture. Extracts CO¢ directly from the atmosphere, addressing diffuse emissions.

  5. Materials Driving Capture Efficiency The performance and cost of carbon capture are highly dependent on the separation materials used. Chemical Absorbents Amine Solvents (MEA) Liquid solvents (e.g., amines) chemically bind with CO¢. High capacity, but require significant energy for regeneration. Advanced Solvents Solid Adsorbents (MOFs) Solid Adsorbents Membranes Porous solids (e.g., Zeolites, MOFs) physically attract CO¢ to their surfaces. Promising for lower energy use. 0 25 50 75 Membrane Separation Polymeric or ceramic filters selectively allow CO¢ to pass through. Simple operation, but currently face flux and purity challenges.

  6. Carbon Storage and Utilization (CCUS) The'StorageandUtilization'stepcompletesthecycle,ensuringcapturedcarbonispermanentlyremovedorconvertedintovaluable products. 2.Transport 1.Capture Moving compressed CO¢ via pipelines or shipping to storage/utilization sites. Separating CO¢ from flue gas or ambient air using the materials discussed. 4.Utilization(CCU) 3.Storage(CCS) Converting CO¢ into useful products like synthetic fuels, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), or concrete curing materials. Injecting CO¢ deep underground into secure geological formations (saline aquifers, depleted oil/gas reservoirs).

  7. Global Implementation: Real-World Applications Numerouslarge-scaleprojectsarenowoperational,demonstratingtheviabilityofCCUSacrossdifferentsectorsandgeographies. ClimeworksOrca(DAC) ShellQuestProject CarbFix(Iceland) Utilizes geothermal energy to power DAC in Iceland, permanently mineralizing captured CO¢ via the CarbFix process. One of the world's largest post- combustion CCS projects, capturing emissions from an oil sands upgrader in Canada. A pioneering method storing CO¢ by reacting it with basalt rock, turning it into stable minerals in less than two years. Globally, over 30 commercial CCUS facilities are operating or under construction, with many more in development, primarily concentrated in North America and Europe.

  8. Challenges and Future Prospects Whilethetechnologyisproven,wideradoptionrequiresovercomingsignificanteconomicandlogisticalhurdles,alongside rapid innovation. The Cost Challenge Emerging Innovations Current high capital and operating costs often make CCUS less competitive than simply emitting, necessitating strong policy support. Nanomaterials, AI-optimized plant operation, and advanced solvents promise to drastically reduce energy penalty and capture costs. Infrastructure Gaps Lack of dense CO¢ pipeline networks and certified, large-scale geological storage sites hinders deployment. Projections show that CCUS is indispensable for reaching the deep emission cuts required by 2050.

  9. The Path to Net Zero CO¢capturingtechnologyisnotasilver bullet, but anessentialcomponent ofthecomprehensiveclimatestrategy required to achieveanet-zero economy. Key Takeaways CCS and CCUS address hard-to-abate industrial emissions. Diverse capture strategies (Post-combustion, DAC) offer flexibility. Geological storage and CO¢ utilization close the carbon loop. Innovation and policy are crucial for scaling the technology cost- effectively. Capturing today for a cleaner tomorrow.

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