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STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT INDIAN SCENARIO DR INDRANI CHANDRASEKHARAN DIRECTOR MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

Introduction. THE DATA ON HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION PRESENTED IS BASED ON INFORMATION MADE AVAILABLE BY THE STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS.INFORMATION REGARDING IMPORTS HAS BEEN COLLECTED FROM VARIOUS PORTS

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STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT INDIAN SCENARIO DR INDRANI CHANDRASEKHARAN DIRECTOR MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT

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    1. STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT INDIAN SCENARIO DR INDRANI CHANDRASEKHARAN DIRECTOR MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS

    2. Introduction THE DATA ON HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION PRESENTED IS BASED ON INFORMATION MADE AVAILABLE BY THE STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS. INFORMATION REGARDING IMPORTS HAS BEEN COLLECTED FROM VARIOUS PORTS & CUSTOMS IN THE COUNTRY.

    3. BROAD OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATORY FRAME WORK AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE STATUS OF ENFORCEMENT & IMPLEMENTATION HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL GAPS IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT CONCLUSION

    4. REGULATORY FRAME WORK HAZARDOUS WASTES (MANAGEMENT & HANDLING ) RULES, 1989 NOTIFIED ON 21ST OCTOBER 1989. HAZARDOUS WASTES (MANGEMENT & HANDLING ) AMENDMENT RULES, 2000. NOTIFIED ON 6TH JANUARY 2000.

    5. HAZARDOUS WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING ) RULES , 1989. THE RULES PROVIDE FOR A CONTROL ON THE GENERATION COLLECTION , TREATMENT , IMPORT, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES. THE RULES ARE APPLICABLE TO WASTES DEFINED AS HAZARDOUS WASTES. [ 18 categories } STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS ARE THE IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITY. WASTES ARE NOT PERMITTED TO BE IMPORTED FOR DUMPING AND DISPOSAL. IMPORTS OF WASTES ARE ALLOWED FOR PROCESSING AND REUSE AS RAW MATERIAL.

    6. HAZARDOUS WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING ) RULES , 1989. Responsibility of Generator. To report to the State agencies about the wastes being handled (Rule 4). To apply in Form -1 for grant of authorisation for handling wastes (Rule 5). To properly package, label and transport in accordance with the provisions in Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (Rule 7). To maintain records on the generation and disposal in Form -3 prescribed in the Rules (Rule 9) To file annual return in Form -4 to the concerned Pollution Control Board (Rule 9). To report accidents to State Pollution Control Boards (Rule 10).

    7. HAZARDOUS WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING ) RULES , 1989. Responsibility of Importer and Exporter: Provide detailed information (Form 6) on the proposed imports of hazardous wastes to the concerned SPCB seeking permission for the imports. (Concerned SPCB and the Boards WERE required to examine these cases on merit and permit / refuse the import). Provide information (Exporter/ Exporting country) in Form 6 to the Ministry of Environment and Forests.

    8. HAZARDOUS WASTE 9 MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 1989 Responsibility of State Pollution Control Boards: To examine the authorization applications and grant authorization in Form 2 (Rule 5). To suspend or cancel the authorization (Rule 6). Examine the import cases and grant/refuse permission after examining each case on merit.(Rule 11) Responsibility of the State Governments: Identification of sites for disposal of hazardous wastes in their States after ascertaining suitability of the sites through EIA Studies. (Rule 8). prepare and maintain an inventory of such sites. (Rule -8).

    9. HAZARDOUS WASTE ( MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING ) AMENDMENT RULES, 2000 Hazardous waste is defined as "All waste generated, stored, transported and disposed as detailed in Schedule 1 and have characteristic specified in Schedule 2 excluding radio active wastes".{ schedule 1 listing 18 catergories substituted by 3 schedules. } Schedule 1 describes the processes generating hazardous waste and waste streams to be covered. Installations possessing any of the processes indicated along with waste stream described are to be covered under the rules. A list of concentration limits of constituents in the wastes is indicated in Schedule 2. This concentration limit is to be used as limits for classification / characterization in case of dispute regarding waste stream being hazardous / non-hazardous. List 'A' and 'B' wastes of the Basel Convention adopted as Annexure VIII and IX to the Convention in 1998 is introduced as Schedule 3 after scrutiny applicable for imports and exports into the country.

    10. HAZARDOUS WASTE ( MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING ) AMENDMENT RULES, 2000) Responsibility for identification of sites for establishment of Common Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (CTSDF) and individual TSDF assigned to the occupier, industrial association and the State Govt. Provisions relating to import and export of hazardous waste for recycling was expanded to describe in detail the procedure being followed Requirements of re-export under the Basel Convention of illegal waste has also been incorporated. Rules on design, setting up and closer of landfill facilities were elaborated. A manifest system for tracking hazardous waste from the point of generation to the disposal site was introduced. Authorities responsible for regulation of imports and exports and monitoring the implementation of the provisions of the rules have been listed in schedule-4 A fee for authorization and import prescribed.

    11. HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT -INDIAN SCENARIO RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE VARIOUS AUTHORITIES S.No ACTIVITIES A U T H 0 R I T I E S MOEF S. Govt./Uts SPCB CPCB 1 Survey & inventory of HW, X 2. Grant authorization for handling X 3. Inspect facilities/infrastructure X 4. Suspend, refuse, cancel authorization X 5. *Identify & notify sites for CTSDF X X 6 Get conducted EIA for CTSDF sites- X X 7. Collect and publish dump sites X 8. Establish system for annual returns & reporting accidents. X 9. Process and forward import appl X 10. Permit/refuse HW export /import X 11. Instructions to importers X 12. Inform port auth.of safe handling X X 13. Inspect records of imports X 14. Co-ordinate Activities of SPCBs X 15. Process appeals X

    12. HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT -INDIAN SCENARIO ENFORCEMENT & IMPLEMENTATION { AS ON May 2000} S.NO States Units Gen. HW units Authorised 21 states 13011 11138 1 Andhra Pradesh 501 478 2. Assam 18 18 3. Bihar 42 31 4. Chandigarh 47 37 5. Delhi 403 6. Goa 25 25 7. Gujarat 2984 2984 8. Haryana 309 42 9. Himachal Pradesh 116 71 10. J & K 57 11. Karnataka 454 413 -

    13. HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT -INDIAN SCENARIO ENFORCEMENT & IMPLEMENTATION { AS ON April 2000} S.NO States Units Gen. HW units Authorised 12 Kerala 133 65 13 Madhya Pradesh 183 183 14. Maharashtra 3953 3953 15. Orissa 163 78 16. Pondicherry 15 15 17. Punjab 700 619 18. Rajasthan 332 36 19. Tamil Nadu 1100 1088 20. Uttar pradesh 1036 768 21. West Bengal 440 234

    14. HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT -INDIAN SCENARIO ENFORCEMENT & IMPLEMENTATION { AS ON April 2000} STATES/UTs Dispoal Sites Remarks Identified Notified Andhra Pradesh 2 2 One site identified to cater to Vishakhapattanam, Srikakulam and Vizianagaram distt. For which EIA completed. Another site will be selected out of Medak, Rangareddy and Hyderabad districts. 18 other sites have been shortlisted. Assam - - No common disposal sites proposed as units have their own on-site disposal facility. Bihar 2 1 EIA for Muzaff arpur has been completed. Chandigarh Nil - Action Plan made

    15. HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT -INDIAN SCENARIO STATES/UTs Dispoal Sites Remarks identified Notified Delhi 0 - Suitability of site at Bawana being examined. Goa 0 - State does not feel necessity to develop Haz. waste disposal site. Gujarat 22 16 Sites have already been developed. 11 are operational . Harlan 2 1 One each at Faridabad, Sonepat and Rohtak identified. Himachal Pradesh 1 For one site Baddi, Distt. Solan, Preliminary survey isSirmour. Karnataka 5 1 Site notified in Kolar Distt. Kerala - - Common disposal sites not considered necessary.. Madhya Pradesh 16 3 ( Bhopal, Raipur,hargoan)

    16. HAZARDOUS WASTES MANAGEMENT -INDIAN SCENARIO (Contd.) STATES/UTs Dispoal Sites Remarks Identified Notified Maharashtra 8 1 TTC, Patalganga, Lote-parshuram Taloja, Roha Ambernath ,Mahagaon, Tarapur) Orissa 7 1 EIA report for one site finalized. Pondicherry - Hazardous wastes generated are stored at site in impervious lined pits . Punjab 7 1 Ropar & Ludhiana. Rajasthan I - Another site at Pali is also being considered. Tamil Nadu 8 1 EIA completed for two sites at Serserri and Mannalur Uttar Pradesh 8 1 Sonebhadra,, Moradabad,Kanpur City & Lucknow. West Bengal 1 1 One site at Haldia has been identified . EIA studyDurgapur Total 89 30 21 states.

    17. STATUS 0F HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATING UNITS SNo. State No. of Districts No. of Units Generating Wastes Total H.W. Units Authorised Total 1 Andhra Pradesh 23 22 478 501 2 Assam 23 8 18 18 3 Bihar 55 12 31 42 4 Chandigarh 1 1 37 47 5 Delhi 9 9 Nil Nil 6 Goa 2 2 25 25 7 Gujarat 24 24 2984 2984 8 Haryana 17 15 42 309 9 H. Pradesh 12 6 71 116 10 Karnataka 27 25 413 454

    18. STATUS 0F HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATING UNITS SNo. State No. of Districts No. of Units Generating Wastes Total H.W. Units Authorised Total 11 Kerala 14 11 65 133 12 Maharashtra 33 33 3953 3953 13 Madhya Pradesh 61 38 183 183 14 Orissa 30 17 78 163 15 J & Kashmir 14 5 -- 57 16 Pondicherry 1 1 15 15 17 Punjab 17 15 619 700 18 Rajasthan 32 26 36 332 19 Tamil Nadu 29 29 1088 1100 20 Uttar Pradesh 83 65 768 1036 21 West Bengal 17 9 234 440 TOTAL : 524 373 11138 13011

    19. Hazardous waste generating units-State-wise

    20. WASTE GENERATION IN FEW COUNTRIES ( 1996) . Countries Quantity Gen. In lakh MT 1. Austria 6.75 2. Belgium 14.41 3. Bulgaria .00174 4. Cyprus .053 5. Czech Republic 66.69 6. Estonia 146.87 7. Iceland .0057 8. Oman 2.15 9. Slovakia 15.00 10. Slovenia .033 11. Spain 15.31 12. Thailand 16.30 13. United Kingdom 23.70 14. Uzbekistan 1.70 15 USA 2140.00 16 Holland 151.00

    21. STATUS 0F HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION Quantity of Waste Generated (Waste Type) SNo State Recyclable Incinerable Disposal Total 1 Andhra Pradesh 61820 5425 43853 111098 2 Assam - - 166008 166008 3 Bihar 2151 75 24351 26578 4 Chandigarh - - 305 305 5 Delhi - - - 1000 6 Goa 873 2000 3725 8742 7 Gujarat 235840 34790 159400 430030 8 Haryana - - 31046 32559 9 H. Pradesh 63 2096 2159 10 Karnataka 47330 3328 52585 103243 11 Kerala 93912 272 60538 154722

    22. STATUS 0F HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION (contd.) 12 Maharashtra 847436 5012 1155398 2007846 13 Madhya Pradesh 89593 1309 107767 198669 14 Orissa 2841 338303 341144 15 J & Kashmir - - - 1221 16 Pondicherry 8730 120 43 8893 17 Punjab 9348 1128 12233 22745 18 Rajasthan 9697 17587 95023 122307 19 TamiI Nadu 193507 4699 196002 401073 20 Uttar Pradesh 36819 61395 47572 145386 21 West Benqal 45233 50894 33699 129826 Total 1685130 188097 2529947 4415954

    23. Disposal practices for which authorisation granted

    24. GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Survey and Inventorisation of hazardous wastes Setting up of Hazardous wastes and treatment facility Identification of sites for disposal Insufficient information on the quantity and risks associated; Inadequate monitoring and enforcement of regulations; Lack of awareness of the risk to health, safety and environment; and Lack of proper infrastructure for safe containment/disposal.

    25. Conclusion Of the 524 districts in 21 states for which information is available 373 districts have units which generate hazardous waste. these 373 districts have 13011 units generating hazardous wastes. Of the 13011 units generating hazardous waste 11138 units have been granted authorization. While authorizations have been granted for multiple disposal practices for units, 120 units have been granted authorization for incineration, 5581 for storage, 413 for land disposal and 683 for other disposal options. 4415954 M/T of hazardous waste is generated in the country of these 1685130 M/T is recyclable waste and 188097 M/T is incinerable and 2529947 M/T are destined for disposal. There are 116 incinerators in the country and 11 landfills all of them in Gujarat. 89 sites have been identified in various states to set up disposal facilities of which 30 sites have been notified. As per available information 303 recycling units use indigenous raw material and 20 depend on imported recyclable waste. In all 33 permissions for import of recyclable waste have been granted by the SPCBs.

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