Session_15_Types_of_Actutators[1]

1. Department of BES-II Fundamentals of IOT & Sensors (24ec1101) Topic: Introduction, types of actuators Session - 15

2. AIM OF THE SESSION To familiarize students with the basic understanding of actuators in IoT, and the knowledge needed to start exploring and designing IoT systems that leverage actuators for automation and control. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • ThisSession is designed to: • Understand the key terms related to actuators in IoT. • Identifying different types of actuators and their applications in IoT systems, such as motors and relays. • Applying knowledge of IoT actuators to real-world scenarios, such as designing a smart home system that uses actuators to control lighting, temperature, and security. LEARNING OUTCOMES • At the end of this session, you should be able to: • Describe how actuators can be used to control and automate devices remotely in IoT systems. • Summarizing the practical applications of IoT actuators in real-world scenarios, such as smart homes, healthcare, and industrial control.

3. SENSORS Vs ACTUATORS : UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE • Sensors and Actuators are two types of devices that are commonly used in IoT applications. • sensors are used to collect data about the system, while actuators are used to control or manipulate the system. Sensors provide information that is used to make decisions, while actuators execute those decisions by taking actions. In many IoT systems, sensors and actuators work together to monitor and control the environment or a system in real-time. • The main difference between sensors and actuators is their function: sensors measure physical quantities, while actuators control physical systems.

4. INTRODUCTION TO ACTUATOR • An actuator is a device that converts energy into motion. It does this by taking an electrical signal and combining it with an energy source. In an IoT system, the actuator can act on data collected by sensors to create an outcome as determined by the chosen settings of the user.

5. KEY CONSIDERATION WHILE SELECTING ACTUATOR FOR A SPECIFIC IoT APPLICATIONS • Functionality • Power Requirement • Communication and Protocol • Reliability and Durability • Compatibility and Integration

6. TYPES OF ACTUATORS • In the context of IoT (Internet of Things), actuators are used to control or manipulate the physical environment in response to data gathered by sensors or other connected devices. There are several types of actuators used in IoT, including: • Electric Motors • Pneumatic Actuators • Hydraulic Actuators • Electromagnetic Actuators • Thermal Actuators

7. TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS • An Electric Motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It utilizes the principles of electromagnetism to generate rotational or linear motion. • Electric motors provide the necessary physical actuation and movement required for IoT devices to interact with the physical world, enabling automation, control, and connectivity in various domains. • Types of Electric Motors: • 1. DC Motors 2. Servo Motors • 3. Stepper Motors 4. Induction Motors • 5. Synchronous Motors 6. Universal Motors

8. DC MOTOR • DC motors provide continuous rotation and are often used in applications that require variable speed control or high torque. • The principle of a DC motor involves the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy through the interaction between a magnetic field and an electric current, resulting in the rotation of a coil (rotor) within a fixed magnetic field (stator).

9. SERVO MOTOR • Servo motors provide precise position control and are commonly used in applications that require accurate positioning and continuous motion control. • The principle of a servo motor involves using feedback control to achieve precise and accurate positioning. • It uses a control system that continuously compares the desired position with the actual position and adjusts the motor's rotation accordingly. • This allows for precise and controlled movement of the motor shaft to a specific position or angle.

10. STEPPER MOTOR • Stepper motors move in discrete steps and offer precise position control. They are commonly used in applications that require precise positioning and control, especially in systems where accuracy is more important than speed. • The principle of a stepper motor involves converting electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements by energizing electromagnets in a specific sequence. • Each pulse causes the motor to move a fixed angular distance, resulting in precise and controlled rotation

11. APPLICATIONS OF ACTUATORS IN IoT • Smart Home Automation: Actuators are utilized in IoT-enabled smart homes to control various devices and systems. For example, motorized blinds, curtains, or shades can be actuated to open or close remotely or automatically based on environmental conditions or user preferences. • Environmental Control Systems: Actuators are employed in IoT-based environmental control systems to regulate temperature, humidity, and ventilation. They control dampers, valves, and fans to adjust airflow, heat, and cooling.

12. APPLICATIONS OF ACTUATORS IN IoT (Cont…) • Irrigation and Water Management: Actuators are used in IoT-enabled irrigation systems to control valves, pumps, and sprinklers. They enable automated irrigation based on soil moisture sensors, weather forecasts, or user-defined schedules, optimizing water usage and improving efficiency.

13. APPLICATIONS OF ACTUATORS IN IoT (Cont…) • Smart Lighting: Actuators are used in IoT-connected lighting systems to control the brightness, color, and on/off functionality of lights. They enable dimming, color-changing, and automated lighting scenarios based on user commands, sensor inputs, or predetermined schedules. • Robotics: Actuators are critical components in robotic systems. They provide the necessary movement and actuation for robot arms, grippers, joints, and other mechanisms.

14. APPLICATIONS OF ACTUATORS IN IoT (Cont…) • Automotive Systems: Actuators are extensively used in automotive applications. They are found in various systems, such as engine control, power windows, door locks, seat adjustments, and automatic braking systems

15. ACTIVITIES/ CASE STUDIES/ IMPORTANT FACTS RELATED TO THE SESSION • Healthcare and Assistive Devices: Actuators are utilized in healthcare IoT applications to provide assistance and improve patient care. For example, powered prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons rely on actuators to enable natural movement and enhance mobility for individuals with limb loss or disabilities. Actuators can also control drug delivery systems, automated pill dispensers, or adjustable hospital beds. • Industrial IoT (IIoT) and Manufacturing: Actuators are extensively used in industrial settings to control various processes and equipment. In manufacturing, actuators can adjust the position or movement of robotic arms, control conveyor belts, operate valves, and manage machinery. By integrating actuators into IIoT systems, manufacturers can optimize production, improve efficiency, and enable remote monitoring and control of their operations.

16. ACTIVITIES/ CASE STUDIES/ IMPORTANT FACTS RELATED TO THE SESSION • Smart Agriculture: In smart agriculture applications, actuators are used to automate tasks and optimize resource utilization. For instance, actuators can control irrigation systems by opening or closing valves based on real-time sensor data such as soil moisture levels. They can also adjust the position of solar panels to maximize sun exposure or control the opening and closing of greenhouse vents to regulate temperature and humidity.

17. SUMMARY • Actuators play a critical role in IoT (Internet of Things) applications by enabling physical movement and control of devices and systems. They convert electrical signals or other inputs into mechanical motion or force, providing the necessary actuation to interact with the physical world. • There are different types of actuators, including DC motors, servo motors, and stepper motors, each with unique characteristics and applications. • Actuators are used in various IoT applications, such as industrial automation, smart home automation, environmental control systems, security systems, and energy management.

18. SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS • What is the main function of an actuator in IoT? Collecting data Processing data Enabling physical movement and control Providing wireless communication • Which type of motor is best suited for applications requiring precise position control? DC motor Stepper motor Servo motor Induction motor

19. SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS • 3. Actuators are commonly used in which of the following IoT applications? Smart lighting systems Environmental monitoring systems Security systems All of the above • 4. Actuators are used in IoT-based smart home automation systems to Monitor energy consumption. Control access points. Collect environmental data. Store user preferences.

20. SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS • 5. Which of the following is an example of an IoT application that uses DC motors? A smart thermostat that adjusts the temperature based on occupancy. A security camera that captures and transmits video data. An automated robotic arm that picks and places objects. A wearable fitness tracker that monitors heart rate • 6. What is the main purpose of integrating actuators into IoT-based irrigation systems? To monitor water quality To optimize energy consumption To control water flow and irrigation schedules To measure soil moisture levels

21. TERMINAL QUESTIONS Short answer questions: Define an actuator? What are the different types of Electrical motors. Long answer questions: Summarize the DC motors, servo motors, and stepper motors used in IoTapplications.

22. REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE SESSION Reference Books: 1. Internet of Things By Rajkamal, Tata McGraw Hill publication   2. Internet of things(A-Hand-on-Approach) By Vijay Madisetti and ArshdeepBahga1st Edition, Universal Press   Sites and Web links: 1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_cs53/preview 2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/actuators-in-iot/

23. THANK YOU Team – Fundamentals of IoT & Sensors