ZORC

1. ZORC Motor / Transformer / Generator Switching Surge Protection Device OVERVIEW PRESENTATION: HIGH LEVEL PRESENTATION: APPLICATION

2. Insulation Failure Costs • Cost of removing failed equipment from service, and for reinstallation after repair. • Cost of transportation to and from the site. • Direct repair cost. • Cost of downtime and lost production (or disruption to production).

3. Scope of Operation • Spike description • Amplitude 1-6 pu • Rise time .1-.2µ sec • Range • Voltage: 400V to 40 kV • Line Frequency: 50 – 60 Hz

4. Clamping of Switching Surges Z O R C Air circuit breaker closed 50 - 60 Hz Normal operation Air circuit breaker Open Switching off motor Air circuit breaker Open Zorc clamping the spike

5. Transient effects on cables · · Cu · · · · · · · · · · Cu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Cu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

6. Internal connections R C Live terminal Earth Single phase ZnO (>2.1 p.u) Three phase units separate or in one tank

7. Benefits of ZORC • ZORC halves the magnitude of steep wave-front surges impinging on the load terminals by providing a matched cable terminating impedance under transient conditions, thereby eliminating refraction of steep wave-front surges (i.e. eliminates voltage doubling effects). • ZORC eliminates multiple pre-striking and re-striking transients associated with vacuum and other switchgear, by eliminating reflections of the pre-strike and re-strike current wave-fronts, and thus preventing high frequency current zeros in contact gap of the switch. • ZORC provides a suitably low absolute limit to the magnitude of steep wave-fronted surges that may impinge on the load terminals, and slopes that portion of the steep wave-front which exceeds this limit. • ZORC provides comprehensive insulation co-ordination, at all practical steep wave-front surge magnitudes and rise-times, within the motor impulse withstand levels recommended by the IEEE and CIGRë curves

8. Benefits of ZORC – Cont. • ZORC protects new motors and dry-type transformers throughout their service life by reducing the magnitude, rise-time and frequency of occurrence of steep wave-fronts impinging on the load terminals. • ZORC extends the life of motor and dry-type transformer insulation if retro-fitted to existing motors in service. • ZORC saves money by eliminating losses incurred as a result of insulation failures of motors and dry-type transformers, in terms of both direct repair costs as well as costs of down-time leading to lost or disrupted production.

9. Product Features Compact ZORC is compact enough to be fitted within most motor/transformer terminal enclosures or switchgear panels. Low Cost ZORC offers an unparalleled price/performance ratio. Easy to apply ZORC suppressors may be selected from a catalog with no detailed engineering required. Motor/transformer mounting and switchgear panel Mounting versions ZORC versions are available for both motor/ transformer mounting (M type) and panel mounting (P type) Single phase and three phase versions ZORC suppressors are available as both single phase or three phase versions. Single phase versions are suitable for installing in phase segregated terminal enclosures.

10. Product Features Class 1 Division 2 Certification (ExN, non sparking) As an option ZORC surge suppressors may be ordered certified for use in potentially flammable atmospheres (Class 1 Division 2 locations), temperature classes T1 to T5, to SABS 970-1971 (amended). Easy to install ZORC suppressors may be mounted in any orientation, and convenient mounting brackets or clamps are provided. (See dimension drawings). Well proven Many thousands of ZORC surge suppressors have been installed over the past 10 years, on motors, generators and transformers, solving the pressing problem of insulation failures and attendant repair and downtime costs.

11. Industries ZORC suppressors have been installed in large quantities in the following industries: • chemical • petrochemical • underground mining (gold, platinum, coal, other) • surface mining (coal, copper, uranium, iron ore, other) • metal beneficiation (steel, stainless steel, gold, platinum, copper and uranium refineries) • power generation (generators, power station auxiliaries) • pumping (water pumping stations, oil pipelines)

12. Typical Applications ZORC suppressors are applied in the following specific applications on motors, generators, and dry and oil immersed transformers and associated switchgear: • Fans • pumps • Compressors • mills • crushers • refrigeration machines • motor-generator sets • mine winders • conveyors • underground and surface mini-substations and mobile substations • generators • power station auxiliaries • arc furnaces • induction furnaces

13. ZORC Pictures

14. Installation • At motor • At panel • Compact version • Any orientation clearance consideration • 2,5mm² flexible lead • 16 – 25mm² earthing • Surge arrestors where required • Watch vibration and water ingress

15. Testing Visual inspection: • No bulging of tank; • bushings ok ? ; • Check for oil leaks. • Capacitance between bushings and earth : 0.1µ to 0.2µ Farad. • No partial discharges are measured. DC over potential test • 28kVdc for 3/6 kV • 47kVdc for 11kV

16. Comparison to other Methods • Surge arrestors • Surge Capacitors

17. Aggravating Factors Optimised insulation and surge suppression co-ordination covering various devices in use 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.2 1 2 3 4 5 Unsuppressed switching surges Metal oxide arrester (2) Wave sloping capacitor (1) Stalled trip Motor with-stand level (Cigrë) Zorc at panel Stalled trip Switch-on Peak-to-peak volts Switch-on Zorc at motor terminals Surge rise-time in microseconds Notes: (1) Normally fitted with parallel metal oxide power arresters. (2) Clamping voltage: peak-to-peak = 2 x peak-to-earth volts.

18. ZORC The End ... We appreciate your attendance !