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ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN POWER PLANTS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN POWER PLANTS. Frans van Aart Energy Efficiency in IPPC installations October 21, Vienna. CONTENT. Introduction Demand Side Management Energy Efficiency in Power Generation LCP and other directives Conclusions. . 1 Introduction .

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ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN POWER PLANTS

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  1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN POWER PLANTS Frans van Aart Energy Efficiency in IPPC installations October 21, Vienna

  2. CONTENT • Introduction • Demand Side Management • Energy Efficiency in Power Generation • LCP and other directives • Conclusions

  3. 1 Introduction • high efficiency is good for economy and the environment • high efficiency is in line with core business electricity industry

  4. Annual average electrical efficiency

  5. 1 INTRODUCTION • high efficiency is good for economy and the environment • high efficiency is in line with core business electricity industry • reducing emissions (protection environment) • conservation fuels (preservation of resources) • reducing dependence on fuel import outside EC • too high efficiencies are expensive and thus uneconomic: • market advantage to less efficient (=cheaper) plants • thus not beneficiary for the environment

  6. Energy Efficiency of power plant • scope of definition (gross, net) • combustion technology (installation, fuel) • type of cooling • ambient conditions vs. ISO conditions • temperature cooling water / air

  7. Efficiency loss vs. cooling temperature

  8. Energy Efficiency of power plant • scope of definition (gross, net) • combustion technology (installation, fuel) • type of cooling • ambient conditions vs. ISO conditions • temperature cooling water / air • operating load • annual average vs. guaranteed performance • no fixed figures that can be compared right away

  9. 2 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT • reducing energy demand good principle • not the task of power industry, but of spatial planners, architects etcetera • not in scope BREF Energy Efficiency but in scope Directive “Energy end-use efficiency and energy services” • “framework conditions and not an over-detailed set of rules that could interfere with the development of the electricity market”

  10. 3 EFFICIENCY IN POWER GENERATION • Efficiency figure depends on • type of generation

  11. Efficiency in Electricity Generation

  12. 3 EFFICIENCY IN POWER GENERATION • Efficiency figure depends on • type of generation • condition of power plant (operation, maintenance) • ambient conditions • design of power plant • ultra super critical steam boilers

  13. Improved boiler materials → improved steam parameters

  14. 3 EFFICIENCY IN POWER GENERATION • Efficiency figure depends on • type of generation • condition of power plant (operation, maintenance) • ambient conditions • design of power plant • ultra super critical steam boilers • gas turbine based power plant • higher firing temperature • supercritical steam parameters HRSG

  15. BAT and BAT levels (coal / lignite)

  16. BAT and BAT levels (biomass / peat)

  17. BAT and BAT levels (gaseous fuels)

  18. 4 LCP AND OTHER DIRECTIVES • Directive 2004/8/EC Promotion of cogeneration • powerful instrument to improve fuel utilisation

  19. Fuel utilisation instead of efficiency • thermal efficiency and electrical efficiency are apples and oranges • cogeneration efficiency → fuel utilisation

  20. BAT and BAT levels (Cogeneration)

  21. LCP and other directives • Directive 2004/8/EC Promotion of cogeneration • powerful instrument to improve fuel utilisation • fuel utilisation dependent on long term heat demand (district heating or process heat) • in case heat delivery feasible: cogeneration can be considered as BAT

  22. LCP and other directives • Directive 2004/8/EC Promotion of cogeneration • Directive 2003/87/EC Greenhouse gas emission allowance trading

  23. Emission Trading Directive • Market mechanism will result in • lower emissions • higher efficiency • No definition of BAT or BAT levels for energy efficiency of LCP in BREF Energy Efficiency (Article 26)

  24. Article 26 Emission Trading Directive “…the permit shall not include an emission limit value for direct emissions of that gas unless,...” “…Member States may choose not to impose requirements relating to energy efficiency in respect of combustion units or other units emitting carbon dioxide on the site.”

  25. OPTIONS FOR EXTRA REGULATIONS Goal should be: public demonstration that optimal efficiency is applied Practical options: • Drafting Energy Plans to optimize economically feasible options • Benchmarking against "World Class Plants"

  26. 6 CONCLUSIONS • The efficiency of Power Plants has been improved and will be improved continuously • To be demonstrated by: • Energy plans • Benchmarking • No BAT or BAT levels for LCP in BREF Energy Efficiency (not in line with a liberalized market) • Framework conditions and not an over-detailed set of rules real assistance licensing authorities for permitting an installation

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