Cybersecuritypdf

1. CYBER SECURITY Protecting computers, networks and data from online threats

2. INTRODUCTION TO CYBER SECURITY Cybersecurity means keeping computer network and data safe from threats like hacking phishing and viruses. It makes sure that information stays private correct and available when needed.Cybersecurity helps prevent data breaches, financial loss and interruption of services. It includes several areas such as network security, cloud security application security and more. With the advancement of technology, cybersecurity is now essential for every individual, company or government body to stay safe online. To gain the right skills that you can join a cybersecurity course in Calicut which offers practical training for a career in this growing field

3. GOALS OF CYBERSECURITY Confidentiality Prevent access to sensitive information by un authorized individuals. Integrity Ensure information is accurate, unchanged and complete. Availability Keep systems, data and services accessible when needed. Authentication Verify the identity of users and devices accessing systems. Non Repudiation Guarantee that actions or transactions cannot be denied later.

4. TYPES OF CYBER THREATS Malware Bad programs such as worms or trojans which can harm your computer or take your information. Phishing Fake emails or websites fool people into giving passwords or card numbers. Ransomware A kind of virus that blocks your data or computer until you pay money Man in the Middle Attacks Attackers intercept communication between two parties to steal datas. Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks Sends too much traffic to a website and makes it stop working Spyware Watches what a user does on their device and takes information without asking Zero Day Exploits Attacks that take advantage of unknown security vulnerabilities before they are fixed

5. WHO ARE THE HACKERS? Hackers are individuals or groups who use their technical skills to break into computer systems software or networks sometimes it is for good sometimes it is for harm. They are often classified into three main types: Black Hat Hackers Break into systems illegally to steal data, make money or cause damage . White Hat Hackers Ethical hackers who help organizations find and fix security flaws. Gray Hat Hackers Hack without permission but usually don’t have bad intentions they may reveal issues without causing harm.

6. KEY CYBERSECURITY PRACTICES Use Strong Password Create unique password with letters numbers and symbols. Keep Your Software Updated Updates help fix problems and protect your device. Use Antivirus Software It helps stop viruses and other harmful programs. Be Careful with Emails Don’t open strange links or files from unknown people. Turn On Two Factor Login Adds extra safety when you log in. Back Up Your Files Save copies of your important data in case something goes wrong. Use safe wifi Don’t use public wi-fi without protection like a vpn

7. CYBERSECURITY TOOLS Antivirus Software Finds and removes viruses and other harmful programs. Examples: Quick Heal, Avast and Norton Firewall Blocks bad traffic and protects your network. Examples: Windows Firewall andZoneAlarm Anti Spyware Tools Stops programs that secretly watch what you do. Examples: spybot and malwarebytes Email Security Tools Protects you from fake and spam emails. Examples: Mimecast and Proofpoint Password Managers Saves and creates strong passwords for you. Examples: Bitwarden and LastPass Network Scanners Finds problems in your internet network. Examples: wireshark and nmap

8. Security Analyst Watches systems and helps stop cyberattacks. Security Consultant Gives advice to make systems safer. Ethical Hacker Hacks systems legally to find and fix weaknesses. Security Engineer Builds tools to keep data and systems safe. Cybersecurity Trainer Teaches people how to protect themselves online. CISO - Chief Information Security Officer Leads the company’s cybersecurity team. Incident Responder Acts fast during cyberattacks to fix problems. CAREERS IN CYBERSECURITY

9. CURRENT CYBERSECURITY TRENDS IN 2025 AI as Both Threat and Defender Cybercriminals are using AI to generate convincing phishing messages, adaptive malware and deepfakes while defenders increasingly rely on AI/ML for automated threat detection, real time anomaly spotting and response Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) Organizations are moving away from perimeter based security toward a model based on never trust always verify with continuous authentication, micro segmentation and least privilege access controls Post Quantum Cryptography With quantum computers looming, companies are preparing to transition to quantum resistant encryption to prevent future breaches even those planned now under harvest now decrypt later threats Supply Chain & IoT Risks The explosion of IoT and edge devices along with reliance on third party software is expanding the attack surface. Supply chain attacks and misconfigured IoT devices require scrutiny and management Managed Detection & Response (MDR) & Continuous Exposure Management (CEM) Security outsourcing services, including MDR and real-time exposure monitoring platforms, are gaining traction to offset talent gaps and improve incident response

10. CONCLUSION Cybersecurity is very important in todays social world. As cyber threats become smarter and more dangerous so everyone needs to take a step to stay safe. Using strong password and learning about online threats can help to protect you from hackers. Whether you are a student, worker or business owner staying safe online is your responsibility. If you want to learn more consider joining a cybersecurity course in Calicut to gain the right skills and knowledge. Be aware. Stay safe.

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