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A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide)<a href="https://www.chordiajewels.com/categories/ruby"Ruby</a>
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Introduction Of Ruby A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineralcorundum (aluminium oxide). Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium. Some gemstones that are popularly or historically called rubies, such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are actually spinels. These were once known as "Balas rubies".
Physical Properties Rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Among the natural gems only moissanite and diamond are harder, with diamond having a Mohs hardness of 10.0 and moissanite falling somewhere in between corundum (ruby) and diamond in hardness. Sapphire, ruby, and pure corundum are α-alumina, the most stable form of Al2O3, in which 3 electrons leave each aluminium ion to join the regular octahedral group of six nearby O2− ions; in pure corundum this leaves all of the aluminium ions with a very stable configuration of no unpaired electrons or unfilled energy levels, and the crystal is perfectly colorless. If one percent of the aluminium ions are replaced by chromium in ruby, the yellow-green absorption results in a red color for the gem. Additionally, absorption at any of the above wavelengths stimulates fluorescent emission of 694-nanometer-wavelength red light, which adds to its red color and perceived luster. The chromium concentration in artificial rubies can be adjusted (in the crystal growth process) to be ten to twenty times less than in the natural gemstones. Theodore Maiman says that "because of the low chromium level in these crystals they display a lighter red color than gemstone ruby and are referred to as pink ruby.
After absorbing short-wavelength light, there is a short interval of time when the crystal lattice of ruby is in an excited state before fluorescence occurs. If 694-nanometer photons pass through the crystal during that time, they can stimulate more fluorescent photons to be emitted in-phase with them, thus strengthening the intensity of that red light. By arranging mirrors or other means to pass emitted light repeatedly through the crystal, a ruby laser in this way produces a very high intensity of coherent red light. All natural rubies have imperfections in them, including color impurities and inclusions of rutile needles known as "silk". Gemologists use these needle inclusions found in natural rubies to distinguish them from synthetics, simulants, or substitutes. Usually, the rough stone is heated before cutting. These days, almost all rubies are treated in some form, with heat treatment being the most common practice. Untreated rubies of high quality command a large premium.
Historically, rubies have been mined in Thailand, in the Pailin and Samlout District of Cambodia, as well as in Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, India, Namibia, Japan, and Scotland; after the Second World War ruby deposits were found in Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam. The Republic of North Macedonia is the only country in mainland Europe to have naturally occurring rubies. They can mainly be found around the city of Prilep. Macedonian rubies have a unique raspberry color. The ruby is also included on the Macedonian coat of arms. A few rubies have been found in the U.S. states of Montana, North Carolina, South Carolina and Wyoming. Spinel, another red gemstone, is sometimes found along with rubies in the same gem gravel or marble. Red spinels may be mistaken for rubies by those lacking experience with gems. However, the finest red spinels can have values approaching that of an average ruby.
COLOR In the evaluation of colored gemstones, color is the most important factor. Color divides into three components: hue, saturation and tone. Hue refers to color as we normally use the term. Transparent gemstones occur in the pure spectral hues of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. In nature, there are rarely pure hues, so when speaking of the hue of a gemstone, we speak of primary and secondary and sometimes tertiary hues. Ruby is defined to be red. All other hues of the gem species corundum are called sapphire. Ruby may exhibit a range of secondary hues, including orange, purple, violet, and pink.
. A naturally occurring ruby crystal . Natural ruby with inclusions . A cut pink ruby . Purple rubies
CLARITY Because rubies host many inclusions, their clarity is evaluated by the inclusions’ size, number, location, and visibility. Rubies with the highest clarity grades are known as “eye-clean,” because their inclusions are the least visible to the naked human eye.Rubies may also have thin, intersecting inclusions called silk. Silk can scatter light, brightening the gem’s appearance, and the presence of silk can also show whether a ruby has been previously heat treated, since intense heat will degrade a ruby’s silk
Different Cuts Of Ruby Gemstone . Round Cut Ruby Stone . Princess-Cut Ruby Stone . Asscher Cut Ruby Stone . Emerald-Cut Ruby Stone . Oval Shape Ruby Stone . Pear Shape Ruby Stone . Heart Shape Ruby Stone . Cushion Shape Ruby Stone
. Round Cut Ruby Stone The round shape ruby stone reflects 58 facets of the red stone. And, the round cut ruby stone exposes the diverse facets of the stone and it appears enormously beautiful when it is worn in the form of rings, necklaces, bracelets or pendants.
Princess-Cut Ruby Stone The princess cut ruby stone appears sober and delicate because of it’s exact square shape cut and excellent polishing. A princess-cut ruby stone disparate all the inclusions and impurities from the stone. Therefore, the princess cut ruby stone is advised to be fixed in the rings and necklace. However, due to the distinc t cut of the stone, it appears best.
Asscher Cut Ruby Stone The Asscher cut ruby gemstone is cut in steps consequently it reflects even minute details of the stone and looks highly appreciable when it is adopted in an engagement ring. The incremental cutting of this stone resembles a waterfall model it exhibits even the smallest details of the stone. Moreover, the brilliant quality of this stone and the clarity of this stone attracts everyone. Additionally, the price of the Asscher cuts ruby stone is high which puts a burden on the pocket of a person.
Emerald-Cut Ruby Stone The emerald cut ruby gemstone is identical to Asscher cut ruby stone beside one inclusion that an emerald cut ruby stone is majorly square cut. The emerald cut ruby stone looks apprehensively beautiful when it is to be embedded in the rings, necklaces, bracelets, and earrings.
Oval Shape Ruby Stone The oval shape ruby stone is cut in an oval shape symmetrically. The stone resembles the shape of an egg and looks decent to adopt in an engagement ring.
Pear Shape Ruby Stone The pear shapes ruby stone is shaped like a teardrop, with one pointed end and another rounded one.
Heart Shape Ruby Stone One of the perfect shape ruby stones that will definitely help you win the heart of your love interest is heart-shaped ruby stone. And, it is being considered one of the best cut or shape ruby stone for an engagement ring.
Cushion Shape Ruby Stone The cushion shapes ruby stone appears like a pillow with a square cut with a rounded corner. Since making, it better or perfect for an engagement ring. These are the major shapes of the stone ruby. However, the ruby stone can also be cut into other shapes as well, however; the above-mentioned shapes are the most popular ruby stone shapes.
Cut A ruby’s cut refers to how the stone is faceted, its dimensions, and overall symmetry. Unlike with diamonds, rubies are not graded on cut quality. This is because the cut of a ruby is much less of an important factor to consider than its color and clarity. But as is the case with most gemstones, the true glow of the ruby is only revealed after a quality cut that maximizes light return and color. There are four factors gem cutters must keep in mind when cutting sapphires and rubies. Maximize color, Maximize carat weight., Minimize inclusions. Keep in mind what shape the consumer wants, i.e., round, oval, pear, cushion, cabochon, etc.
Carat Finally, let’s consider the ruby’s carat weight. As you’ve probably already guessed, the heavier the carat weight of the ruby, the bigger the price tag. Because larger gemstones are rarer than smaller gemstones, you’ll pay more for a larger ruby based on the laws of supply and demand. CONSIDER AN NON-ROUNDED CARAT WEIGHT FOR BETTER VALUE Having said that, you should also be aware that there are usually price jumps when you hit one carat, as well as three and five carats. If you want to buy a one carat ruby, consider going for a 0.9 ct. Instead. While you won’t notice the difference in the size of the stone once it’s set, you’ll definitely notice the savings in your wallet
TYPES OF RUBIES Rubies come from all around the world and are available in a range of different shapes and red shades. However, most rubies are categorized into certain types based on the country or region from which they’re mined. Common types include: . Burmese rubies. . Thai rubies. . African rubies . Pigeon Blood rubies
RUBIES VS. DIAMONDS Rubies are increasingly becoming an alternative to diamonds for engagement rings and other jewelry. Differences between rubies and diamonds include: 1. Color. The most obvious difference between ruby and diamond is color. Although most diamonds are white, or colorless, they can also be yellow, pink, champagne-colored or, in some cases, even red. 2. Brilliance. Rubies aren’t typically prized for their brilliance and won’t display brilliance or fire like diamonds. Instead, the main factor that determines a ruby’s beauty and value is its color.
3. Hardness. Diamonds are harder than rubies, scoring 10 on the Mohs’ scale compared to 9 for rubies. Despite this, both are hard gemstones that won’t get damaged easily if worn daily. 4. Cost. As we mentioned earlier, rubies are generally significantly less expensive than diamonds. However, some rubies with exceptional natural color may command prices similar to those of diamonds, or even higher. 5. Tradition. Diamonds are commonly associated with romance and engagement, while rubies tend to be given as birthstones or for anniversaries. However, this is changing, with ruby engagement rings becoming more commonplace.
RUBIES VS. SAPPHIRES Rubies and sapphires are both varieties of the mineral corundum and share a large amount of the same chemistry. Both score 9 on the Mohs’ scale of hardness, making them highly durable gemstones that can safely be worn every day. The key difference between rubies and sapphires is chemistry and color. Rubies contain trace amounts of the element chromium, which gives the stone its red color. Sapphires may contain several different trace elements that contribute to their color.
