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CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYLIANTING POLYNEUROPATHY

so here is all the information about this autoimmune diseases we should must be aware of the diseases so we can protect ourselves and also we should know about the treatments of diseases this will help you alott ...<br>Thanks <br>

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CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYLIANTING POLYNEUROPATHY

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  1. CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYeLINATINGPOLYNEUROPATHY

  2. INTRODUCTION • Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare neurological disorder in which there is inflammation of nerve roots and peripheral nerves and destruction of the fatty protective covering (myelin sheath) of the nerve fibers. • CIDP is defined as a motor and sensory disorder that has proximal and distal weakness (including muscles of the shoulders and hips as well as the hands and feet) • CIDP is an autoimmune diseases where body immune system attacks its own nerves ( peripheral nervous system )

  3. CONTI…

  4. DEMYeLINATION OF nerves IN cidp

  5. CLASSIFICATION • CIDP is usually classified as follows: • Progressive. The disease continues to worsen over time. • Recurrent. Episodes of symptoms stop and start. • Monophasic. This means one bout of the disease lasts 1 to 3 years and doesn’t recur

  6. Causes of cidp • The exact cause of CIDP is unknown but there are strong indications that CIDP is an autoimmune disorder. • Autoimmune disorders occur when the body's natural defenses (antibodies and lymphocytes) against invading organisms suddenly begin to attack perfectly healthy tissue. • In CIDP The body’s immune system attacks the nerves in the periphery, affecting the limbs and organs of the body.

  7. CIDP Pathogenesis • CIDP is an autoimmune disease in which body immune system attacks its own nerve fiber and causes demylination . • Usually the T-lymphocytes and B –lymphocytes becomes the reason to autoimmune disorders as they form receptors according to the nature of microbe and have the ability to recognize between self and non self and if during their development they lose their ability and they causes autoimmunity . • In a physiologically healthy state, P0-reactive T cells undergo negative selection.

  8. Conti… • In the thymus, AIRE controls expression of tissue-specific antigens, such as P0, and recognition of these antigens by developing T cells leads to their negative selection. • In CIDP, loss of negative selection by decreased AIRE in the thymus results in escape of autoreactive T cells into the periphery.

  9. SYMPTOMS • Symptoms are usually the same for all types of CIDP. They can include: • Tingling in the arms and legs • Gradual weakening of the arms and legs • Loss of reflexes • Loss of balance and your ability to walk • Loss of feeling in the arms and legs, which often starts with not being able to feel a pin prick

  10. CIDP AND GBS • Experts think that CIDP is related to the more commonly known disease Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). • GBS is generally considered a short-term (acute) disease. • CIDP is considered a long-term (chronic) disease. CIDP is less common than GBS.

  11. DIAGNOSIS OF CIDP • It can be a challenge to diagnose CIDP because its symptoms resemble those of other nervous system disorders. • Because of the similarities with symptoms of other disorders, it can take several months to obtain an accurate diagnosis of CIDP. • However, there are some tests and tools doctors use to help assess patients.

  12. TOOLS AND TESTS TO DISGNOSE CIDP • NEUROLOGIST EVALUATION • PHYSICAL EXAM • During your initial appointment, your doctor will perform a physical exam to evaluate your symptoms and may also collect blood samples for laboratory testing. • The physical exam will evaluate things such as your strength, sensations, reflexes, gait, and coordination. This will help your doctor get familiar with your overall state of health and help rule out or identify certain conditions.

  13. Conti.. • Nerve conduction study • NCS is an important test that measures how well your nerves send signals to different parts of your body. • During the test, the nerve is stimulated with mild electrical impulses, usually with surface electrode patches attached to the skin.

  14. Conti.. • Electromyography • This procedure measures the health of muscles and the nerves that control them. During a needle EMG, a needle electrode inserted directly into a muscle records the electrical activity in that muscle. The test results help reveal how severe your nerve damage is and how much recovery may be expected

  15. TREATMENT • Early treatment is key. It can help prevent nerve damage. That can help stop symptoms from becoming severe. • Treatment may include: • Corticosteroids. These medications bring down inflammation and slow the immune system. • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Your doctor may give you injections of concentrated antibodies from healthy people to slow your body’s immune response. • Plasma exchange (PE). This treatment involves receiving a part of blood called plasma through an IV to slow down your immune system.

  16. CONTI…. • Immunotherapy. These drugs interrupt your immune system to help stop it from attacking the myelin. • Stem cell transplant. In rare cases, your doctor may inject healthy stem cells (either yours or donated by someone else) to "reset" your immune system. • Physical therapy • Your doctor may also recommend physical therapy. Moderate exercise may give you more energy

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