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plant pathology one liner

one liner questions for all agriculture competitive exams

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plant pathology one liner

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  1. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Pathology Questions OneLiner PathologyQuestions 1. QuestionsAnswer 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 4 6. 5 7. 6 8. 7 9. 8 10.9 ViruseswhicharecapabletoinfectingBacterio-phage bacteria arecalled? The fungus produce small sporesknown as? Conidia Who is the father of plantpathology? HeinrichAnton de Bary “Karnal bunt” diseases of wheat first time reported? Mitra(1931) Which disease known as a “Cancer disease of wheat”? Karnalbunt Book “Fungi and diseases in plants” written by? E.J.Butler Book “Fungi and plant diseases” writtenby? B.B.Mundkur Books “The nature of plants” and “Regions of vegetable growth” both books are writtenby? Theophrastus Book “Nova plantarum genera” writtenby? P.A.Micheli 11.10 Famous book “Species planetarium” written by? Linnaeus 12.11 Purification (crystallization) of TMV virus particles first obtainedby? Stanley1935 13.12 Nematodes are also knownas? Tapeworms 14.13 Which disease of wheat known as “killer disease”? BlackRust 15.14 Which disease responsible for Iris famine in 1845? Late blight of potato 16.15 Which rice disease responsible for Bengal famine in1943? Brown leafspot 17. Question Answer Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  2. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) 18.1 Book “Plant pathology” writtenby? Agrios 19.2 Book “Microorganism in diseased plants”is writtenby? A.Mahadevan 20.3 “Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection” publishedfrom? Germany 21.4 Top sickness of tobacco is due to the deficiencyof? Boron 22.5 What is the source of agaragar? Algae 23.6 Tea rust is causedby? Algae 24.7 Scientist Norman E.Borlaug belong to which field of agriculture? Plantpathology 25.8 Which method used for producing Virus free plant? Meristemculture 26.9 Soil microorganism are most activeat? 34-36°C 27.10 Downy mildew of pea causedby? Pernosporapisi 28.11 Phyllody disease of Sesame spreadby? Leafhopper 29.12 What is the shape ofMLO? Polymorphic 30.13 Mycoplasma cell membranes have how many layers? 3layers 31.14 The attack of sheath blight of rice is more activeat? Tilleringstage 32.15 For the effective control of wilt, pigeon pea should be intercroppedwith? Sorgam The majority of phyto pathogenic fungi belongto ? Ascomytes & Basidiomycetes 33.1 Causal agent of blast of rice and gray leaf spot in turfgrasses? Magnaporthe grisea 34.2 Causal agent of soybeanrust? Phakospora pachyrhizi 35.3 Most bacteria that are associated with plants are actually? Saprotrophic 36.4 Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  3. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Most plant pathogenic bacteriaare? Rodshaped(bacilli) 37.5 Plant viruses must be transmitted from plant to plant bya? Vector 38.6 Bacteria leaf blight of rice causedby? Xanthomonas oryzae 39.7 The disease caused by Leptosphaeria sacchari in sugarcaneis? Ringspot 40.8 Loose smut of wheatis? Internallyseed borne 41.9 42.10 The Karnal bunt of wheat is causedby? Neovossiaindica Sugarcane rust is causedby? Pucciniaeriathi 43.11 44.12 Leaf blight of wheat is causedby? Alternariatrictinia Stem rot of rice is causedby? Sclerotiumoryzae 45.13 46.14 Tungro disease of rice is spreadby? Nephotettix virescens 47.15 Ufra disease of rice is causedby? Ditylenchus 48.16 Whip smut of sugarcane is causedby? Ustilagosciteminae 49.17 Red rot of sugarcane is causedby? Collectorichum falcatum 50.18 Sugarcane mosaic disease is transmittedby? Rhopalosiphum maidis 51.19 Disease also known as “Killer Disease of Wheat” is? Black/ Stemrust 52.20 Akiochi disease is dueto? Sulphurtoxicity Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  4. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) 53.21 White rust of crucifers is causedby? Albugocandida 54.22 Crop showing maximum resistance to nematode is? Marigold Iris famine in 1845, was caused dueto? Phytophothora infestance 55.23 56. 57.1 Fther of modern plantpathology? Antone DeBerry 58.2 Bordeaux mixture was developedby? P.M.A.Millardet 59.3 Late blight of potato is causedby? Phytophthora infestans 60.4 Bacteria used in biologicalcontrol? Pseudomonas Fluorescence 61.5 Most of the plant virusesare? SSRNA 62.6 Papaya mosaic diseaseis? Viral 63.7 Ooze test is done fordetecting? Bacteria 64.8 Carboxin is very effectiveagainst? Smuts disease 65.9 Generally viruses are composed ofprotein? Nucleicacid 66.10 Agar agar is producedby? Nostoc 67.11 The causal organism of black rust of wheatis ? Pucciniagraminis tritici 68.12 White rust of cruciferous is causedby? Albugocandida 69.13 First transgenic Plant was developed in the worldis? Tobacco 70.14 One of factors causing malformation of mango is? Fungus 71.15 The most effective fungicide of the control of powderymildew? Sulphurfungicide 72. 73.Question Answer Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  5. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Vector of leaf curl disease in White flies Cotton? The vectorofsterility Mite (Aceria cajani) mosaic ofpigeonpea? VectorforbudnecrosisofThrips groundnutis? The vectorofTungro Green leafhopper disease? Yellow vein mosaicofokra Whiteflies is transmittedthrough? 79. Leaf curl disease oftobacco is caused by virus and it is transmittedby? Whiteflies 80. Leaf curl of tomatois spreadby? Whiteflies 81. Potato virus diseasesare spreadby? Aphids 82. Most destructive diseaseof sugarcaneis? Red rot ofsugarcane 83. Most serious diseaseof rose? Dieback 84. Most dangerous diseaseof Potato? Lateblight 85. The most serious smut among the smuts affecting sorghumis? GrainSmut 86. The serious diseaseof papaya? Dampingoff 87. Leaf spot of groundnutis also knownas? Tikkadisease 88. Early leaf spot ofgroundnut is causedby? Cercosporaarachidicola 89. Late leaf spot ofgroundnut is causedby? Cercosporaparsonata Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  6. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Mangomalformationis North-WestIndia commonin? Diseasewhichwas Karnalbunt discovered inHaryana? Downy mildew of grape vine Bordeaux mixture is controlledby? 93. The pathogenassociated with the discovery of Bordeaux mixtureis? Plasmosphoraviticola 94. Root knot disease oftobacco is effective controlledby? Carbofuran 95. Loose smut of wheat can be controlled by seedtreatment with? Vitavax 96. Rice blast is effectively controlled by sprayingof? Edifenphos 97. Khaira disease of riceis controlled byspraying? Zinc sulphate (5 kg)+ lime (2.5 kg/ha) in 10 daysnursery 98.Question Answer 99. Which pathogen caused heavy losses to wine industry in France due to its epidemics in1875? Plasmopara viticola 100. The disease responsible for the great Bengal famine in1942-43? Brown spotof rice 101. A disease caused by mercury(Hg) poisoning of water at Japan in1953? Minamata 102. In 1892 first showed that tobacco mosaic disease is caused by a filterableagent? Iwanowski 103. Late blight of potato was introduced in India for first-timein? Nilgiri–hills The late blight disease destroy the potato crop of Irelandin Which potato disease causes Irish famine(1845)? QuestionAnswer 1845 Lateblight 107. Bacterial rot of wheat ears isalsoknown Spike blight /Tundu/ Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  7. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) as? Yellow slimedisease 108. The tundu disease of wheat isusually Anguinatririci associated with nematode knownas? 109. as? Grain Smut of sorghum is alsoknown Covered /Kernel/Shoot smut 110. A cabbage disease which is known to be more severe in acidic soilsis? Blackrot The most destructive phase of the bacterial blight of rice is knownas? Poor man’s disease ofrice? Kresek Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonasoryzae) Dead heart and white ear disease is relatedto? Killer disease of riceare? Leaf curl and mosaic of papaya is caused by? Black heart of potato is causedby? Phyllody disease in plants is causedby? The main symptom of Tungro disease of rice? Little leaf of citrus is causedby? Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight(BLB) and Tungrovirus Virus Poor ventilation instorage (lock ofoxygen) Mycoplasma Yellowing ofleaves MLO,s Grassy shoot disease of Sugarcane is causedby? kresek in rice is causedby? QuestionAnswer Mycoplasma Xanthomonasoryzae The wilt ofcottonis? Seed and Soilborne Grain and Headsmutsare? Seed bornedisease Wilt diseaseisa? Soil bornedisease Bacterial blightdiseaseis? Internally seedborne Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  8. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Rice Blast(Pyricularia oryzae) 127. The air borne disease ofrice? 128. The brown spot of riceis? Externally seedborne disease 129. The soil borne disease ofrice? Sheath blight of rice (Rhizoctoniaoryzae) Black scurf(Rhizoctonia solani) The tuber borne disease of potato? Loose smut of wheat isa? Internally seed bornedisease 132. The soil, air and seed borne disease ofwheat? Kernal bunt (Neovossia indica) Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  9. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Question Answer Mottle leaf of citrus is due to deficiencyof? Zinc Pahala blighted s.cane is caused due to deficiency of?Mn heart rot of sugar beat is caused by Deficiencyof? Boron Top sickness of tobacco is caused by Deficiencyof? Boron Khaira disease of rice is caused by deficiencyof? Zinc Akiochi disease of rice is due to toxicityof? Sulphur Deficiency of Nutrient CausesDiseases/Symptoms • N Buttoning in cauliflower P Sickle leafdisease. • K Scorching and burning of leaves. Ca Tip hooking/burning inCauliflower • Blossom end rot in tomato andBer • Mg Sand drawn disease of Tobacco. S Tea yellowdisease. • Fe White eye ofPaddy • Leaf bleaching inSugarcane • Mn Water core inBrassica • Marsh disease inPea • Spotted yellow disease inSugarbeet • Cu Dieback and little leaf inCitrus • Reclaimation disease incereals. • Mo Yellow spot disorder inCitrus • Whiptail disease inCauliflower • Zn Little leaf in Brinjal andMango • Bronzing inGuava • Khaira disease inPaddy • White bud inMaize • Bo Internal necrosis in Aonla andMango Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

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  11. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) • Hen and Chicken disorder inGrape. • Browning inCauliflower • Heat rot inSugarbeet Deficiency Disease Vitavax & hot treatment is usedfor? Loosesmut Solar heat treatment is used tocontrol? Loose smut of wheat Sooty or charcoal like powdery mass usually appearing on floral organs particularly the ovary is? Smut Ear showing honey dew symptoms is characteristic featureof? Grain smut ofbajra Smut disease infects the plantat? Tilleringstage Control of tundu disease is done by hot water treatmentat°Cforhours.? 50°C for 2 hours Downy mildew disease can be effectively managed by sprayingof? Metalaxyl The pith of the red rot affected canemits? Rotten fish likesmell The main objective of field inspection is to examine? Disease incidence, Isolation distance andOff-types Commonly used method for transfer of disease resistance from one variety to anothervariety? Back crossmethod Kresek symptom foundin? Bacterialblight A method for improving specific traits i.e. plant height, diseaseresistancy? Pedigreemethod Complex disease in association withnematode? Yellow earrot Late planting of chickpea is done to protect the seedlingsfrom?? Wiltdisease Molya disease resistant variety of barleyis? RD2052 Kresek symptom is foundin? Bacterialblight The disease resistance is governedby? Severalgenes Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  12. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Which rust was earliest appeared inIndiaon Brown/Orange/Leafrust wheat? Which stage of the wheat rustfungusis Telialstage considered as the perfect stage? Thefoul smellofkernelbunt infectedfieldis dueTrimethyl-amine to? Alternate host of black stem rust ofwheatin Berberriessp. India is? Deficiency Disease Vitamin Adeficiencycauses? Nightblindness Deficiency of vitamin B1causes? Beriberi Deficiency of vitamin B2causes? cracking Vitamin B3deficiencycauses? Whiteness ofhairs Deficiency of vitamin B5causes? Pellagra Deficiency of vitamin B7causes? Paralysis Disease caused due to deficiency ofvitaminB12? Perniciousanaemia Vitamin Cdeficiencycauses? Scurvy Vitamin Ddeficiencycauses? Rickets Disease causeddue todeficiencyofvitaminE?Sterility Disease caused due to deficiency ofvitaminK? Coagulation ofblood Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  13. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Plant Disease Causal Organisms SoilBacteria Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms, the name comes from the Greek word for “rod” designating the usual bacterial shape. The numbers of bacteria in the soil generally exceeded allother microorganisms, although fungi may exceed bacteria inweight. Classification of soil bacteria on basis ofTemperature Bacteria SuitableTemperature Psychrophilic (cryophilic)<15°C Mesophilic 15-45°C Thermophillic 45-65°C Thermoduric >65°C Shapes of Bacterialcell Ellipsoidal or spherical:- These are called as Cocci (Single: Cocous) Cylindrical or rod shaped:- These are called as Bacili (Single:Bacilius) Spiral or helical:- These are callad as spirila(Single: spirillum) Classification of Bacteria on the basis of Nutritionalrequirement Autotrophsbacteria Heterotrophsbacteria Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  14. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) • (1) Autotrophs bacteria • They use carbon from atmosphere. These are twotypes • (A) Photoautotrops (Photosynthetic):- Derive energy from Sunlight. these are also divided into twoparts • Photoorganotrophs:- use organic substances asnutrition. • Photolithotrophs:- use light as energy source and inorganic substances as their nutrition. these is classified into threeparts. • Purple Non sulfuric bacteria:- e.g.Rhodospirillum • rubum. • Green sulphur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae):- e.g. Chlorobiumlimicola. • Purple sulphur Bacteria (Thirohodaceae):-e.g. • Chromatiumspp • (B) Chemoautotrophs (Chemosynthetic):- Derive energyfrom chemicals. these are two types • Chemoorganotrophs:- use organic chemicals as nutrition. Examples:- Azotobacterspp. • Chemoautotrophs:- use inorganic chemicals as nutrition. Examples:- NitrobactorSpp. • (2) Heterotrophs bacteria • They do not use carbon from atmosphere. These are twotypes • Nitrogen fixing group:- This bacteria nitrogen fixfrom atmosphere. These are twotypes • Symbiotic N2 fixing bacteria:- associated with leguminous plants • Examples:- Rhizobium,Azospirillum Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  15. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) 2. Non-symbiotic N2 fixing bacteria:- free living bacteria and do not require a hostplant Examples:- Azotobacter,Clostridium. (2) Non-nitrogen fixing group:- most dominant soil bacteriaand actively associated with the decomposition of organicmaterials Classificationbased on Arrangement ofCocci Diplococci:- The cocci are arranged inpairs. Examples:- Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxellacatarrhalis. Streptococci:- The cocci are arranged in chains, as the cells divide in one plane. Examples:-Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcusagalactiae Tetra cocci:- The cocci are arranged in packets of fourcells, as the cells divide in twoplains. Examples:- Aerococcus, Pediococcus andTetragenococcus Sarcinae:- Devide in three plane but occur in regularform cuboidalgroup. Examples:-Sarcina ventriculi, Sarcina ureae,etc. Staphylococci:- The cocci are arranged in grape-like clusters formed by irregular cell divisions in threeplains. Examples:-:Staphylococcus aureus Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  16. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) • Classification based on Arrangement ofBacilli • The cylindrical or rod-shaped bacteria are called‘bacillus’ (plural:bacilli). • Diplobacilli:- Most bacilli appear as single rods. Diplobacilli appear in pairs afterdivision. • Example of Single Rod: Bacillus cereus • Examples of Diplobacilli: Coxiella burnetii, Moraxellabovis. • Streptobacilli:- The bacilli are arranged in chains, as thecells divide in one plane. • Example:- Streptobacillusmoniliformis • Coccobacilli:- These are so short and stumpy thatthey appear ovoid. They look like coccus andbacillus. • Example:- Haemophilus influenzae, Gardnerella vaginalis,and • Chlamydia trachomatis • Palisades:- The bacilli bend at the points of division following the cell divisions, resulting in a palisadearrangement resembling a picket fence and angular patterns that look like Chinese letters. • Example:- Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae • Actinomycets • Actinomycets are also called as Ray Fungi. Width of Mycelliumis 1micron. • Optimum temp range of soil actinomycets is 28-37°C. • In actinomyoets genus Frankia fix atm nitrogen (N), symbolically in non leguninous plant like species of Casurina by producingroot nodules. • Protozoa Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  17. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) • The protozoa are microscopic, Primitive, unicellular, organism which may or may not contain chlorophyll pigments reproduce either sexually or asexulay and belongs to phylumprotozoa. • Protozoa grow up to 30°C and death occurs at35-40°C. • Virus • A virus is a chain of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) which lives ina hostcell. • The nucleic acid makes up 5-40% of the virus and proteinmaking • up the remaining60-95%. • Classification of Virus in respect of insectvector • Non persistent virus:- Also called as stylet born viruses. Viruses are not retained in insect body more than onehour. • Examples:-Papaya mosaic, cow peamosaic • Persistent virus:- Virus are retained for longer period or whole life ofvector. • Examples:-Ground nutrosette • Semi-persistent viruses:-They are non persistent and persistent viruses. Viruses retained in shorter period or slightly longer period. Examples:-Tristeza of citrus. Caulifiowermosaic. • Another Way of Grouping ofViruses • Non circulative virus:- This includes both non persistent (Stylet borne) and semi-persistent viruses. In this group viruses do not circulate in the body of insect. Not required incubation period. • Circulative viruses:-These includes persistent viruses. viruses are circulated from the body of insect. They arerequired incubation period. Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  18. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Classification ofFungicide Classification ofFungicide Fungicides:- These are chemicals used to killfungi. Types of Fungicides (A) Sulphur Fungicide:- It is divided into two types e.g. Elemental sulphur and Limesulphur. 1. Elemental sulphur:- It is also divided into twoparts. Dust:- it is used as dust @25kg/ha. Wettable powder:- it is more popular and used as spray@ 2.5% eg. Sulfex 2. Lime Sulphur:- It is used as dormantspray. SulphurFungicide Sulphur fungicides are effectiveagainst? powdery mildews. Use of sulphur in summer (above 30 °C) may cause injury to melons because of which type nature of cucurbits? Softand Alkaline (B) Copper compound Fungicides:- e.g.CuSO4 Copper Compoundfungicides Which type nature have copperfungicides? Inorganic copper fungicides are effectiveagainst? Both fungi and bacterial diseases. (1) CopperSulphate Copper Sulphate was first of all discovered byPrevost Bunt disease ofwheat. Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  19. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) (1807) against which disease? (2) Bordeauxmixture Who is (Prof. of botany at Bordeaux University in France 1885) discovered Bordeaux mixture from the mixture of copper sulphate andlime? PMAMillardet It was usedagainst? Downy mildew ofgrapes. Composition of Bordeauxmixture? Copper sulphate + lime + water (5: 5: 50:ratio) (3) Burgundy mixture /Sodamixture Burgundy mixture is discoveredby? Mason,1887 In this mixture lime is replacedby? sodium carbonateor washing soda. Composition of Burgundymixture? Copper sulphate + sodium carbonate +water (5:6:50) (4) Chaubattiapaste Chaubattia paste is discoveredby? V.B. Singh,1942 This was used as a wound dressing fungicides against disease of apple and pearas? black stem, brown stem etc Composition of Chaubattiapaste? Copper carbonate + red lead + raw linseed oil or linolin (8:8:10) Copperoxychloride Damping off and leaf blights are effectively checked by? Copperoxychloride. Who discovered the downey mildew for the first time inIndia? EJButler (C) Dithiocarbamatesfungicides It is also knownas? Organic sulphurfungicides Which organic fungicide was first to be used commercially? Spergon Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

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  21. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Thiram Which is firstdithiocarbate? Thiram Thiram is mostly usedto? SeedTreatment Zineb Which is safe & widely used in soil and as foliar spray mostly for fruitdiseases. Zineb Example ofZineb? DithaneZ-78 Maneb Example ofManeb? DithaneM-22 Mancozeb Itcontains? Zinc andMn. Which is best and widely used foliar spray fungicide? Mancozeb Example ofMancozeb? Dithane M-45, Indofil M-45 Vapam/Metham-sodium Vapam is mostly used as? Soilfungicides Used for soil sterilization, acting as? Fungicides, Nematicides & Herbicides. Classification ofFungicide (D) SystemicFungicide Oxathiin The first systemic fungicide “Carboxin’ was developedby? Von Schmeling and Kulka in1966. Carboxin/DMO Vitavax is used for the controlling of whichdisease? Smut ofcereals Trade name ofCarboxin? Vitavax Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  22. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Specially usedagainst? loose smut of wheat and Rhizoctonia disease ofcotton. Oxycarboxin Trade name ofOxycarboxin? Plantvax It is used against? Rusts of wheat It can be used in controlling disease which is related to? Fungiimperfecti. (E)Benzimidazoles It comes under the trade namesof? Benomyl andBavistin It is a superior systemic fungicide which acts as a good Eradicantand Protectant. (F)Phenylamides Metalaxyl M was the superior fungicides itroduced in which year? 1977 Active on oomycetous fungi andinhibit? rRNA synthesis. (G) Organo mercurial It is effective as? fungicide and bactericide. Organic mercurial are basically usedas? Eradicant Due to which reason now it is banned in India? Hightoxicity Example of Organomercurial? Agrosan GN, Aretan, Ceresan, Agallol. (H) Other fungicides Captan It is used as Seed treatment and soil drenching @ 0.25% for protectionagainst? Damping offdisease. Karathane(Dinocap) It is used against which disease ofplants? Powderymildew Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  23. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) diseases It is also used for controllingof? mites Antibiotics Which Antibiotics at 100 ppm or more has been found effective against bacterial seed bornepathogen? Streptomycin To reduce the possibility of development of resistant strain in bacteria, streptomycin is mixed with Oxy- tetracycline (Terramycin). This mixture iscalled? Agrimycin Example ofAntibiotics? Streptomycin, Aureofungin Triazoles This is most activeon? powdery mildews, rusts and leaf spot fungi. This is important memberof? sterolbiosynthesis inhibitors(SBIs) Fungicides and their tradename Commonname Tradename CopperFungicides Bordeauxmixture Copper sulphate + lime +water Burgandymixture lime is replaced by Sodium carbonate or washingsoda CopperSulphate BlueCopper Copperoxychloride Blitox-50,Fytolan Organomercurial Ethyl mercurychloride Ceresan Methoxy ethyl mercuric chloride Aretan,Agallol Phenyl mercury acetate + ethyl mercuricchloride Agrosan GN Benzimidazoles Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  24. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Benlate Benomyl Carbendazim Bavistin,Derosal Dithiocarbamate Maneb DithanM-22 Mancozeb Dithan M-45,Indofil Zineb DithanZ-78 Otherfungicide Thiram Arasan,Thiride Phthalimides Captan Dinocap Karathane,Arathane Oxycarboxin Plantvax Carboxin Vitavax Metalaxyl Ridomil,Apron Metham Nsodium Vapam Azoxystrobin- Amistar,Quadris FosetylAl Alietle Streptomycin+Oxytetracyclin Agrimycin (Terramycin) Most widely used fungicides for control ofdiseases Vitavax is used against which disease ofplants? Smut Plantvax is used against which diseaseofplants? Rust Sulphur dust is used against which disease of plants? Powdery mildew Metalaxyl is used against which diseaseofplants? Downeymildew Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  25. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Plant PathologyStudy • Definition:- Plant pathology or phytopathology consists of three Greek words, the term plant pathology or phytopathology means knowledge of plantdisease. • Greek words Means Phyton plant • pathos ailments ordiseases • logus discourse orknowledge • Disease:- it is abnormal condition in the plant produced by Pathogen iscalled • Pathogen:- An organism that produces disease is called as pathogen. • Classification of plantdisease • 1. Classification Based on occurrence:- • (a) Endemic disease:- When a disease is more or less constantly present from year to year in moderate to severe form in a particular part of country or state it is classified as endemic to thatarea. • The word “endemic” means prevalent in, and confined to a particular country, district,or location. E. g. Early blight ofpotato. • (b) Epidemic/Epiphytotic disease:- A disease which occurs widely in severe butperiodically. Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  26. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) • It assumes severe form only onoccasions. • Examples: Red rot of sugarcane, Wheat rusts & late blight of potato occurred in epiphytotic form in 1913 in the district of Rangpur now inPakistan. • Sporadic diseases:- Sporadic diseases occur at very irregular intervals andlocations. • Examples: Green ear disease of bajra and black rust of wheat • Pandemic diseases:- Diseases which occur all over the world and cause mass mortality, are called pandemic diseases. • Example:- late blight ofpotato. • 2. Classification according to causalagents:- • According to causal agents the diseases may be classified into two maingroups: • Parasitic or bioticdiseases • Non-Parasitic diseases • Parasitic or infectious diseases:– These diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and Phanerogamic plant parasites. These diseases are usually contagious in nature and there is easy and efficient dispersal of the pathogens causing thesediseases. • Non-parasitic or non-infectious diseases:- These diseases are infected by the nutritional deficiencies or excess, bylow Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  27. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) and high temperature, by low and extreme light and by air pollutants etc. These diseases are not infectious innature. PlantDiseases Parasitic infectious or bioticdiseases Non-Parasitic non-infectious or abioticdiseases Fungaldiseases Nutritionaldeficiency Bacterialdisease Nutrients inexcess Viraldiseases Mineraltoxicities viroid andplasmids Low and hightemperature phytoplasma/mycoplasma Low and extremesun-light RLO’s Toxic airpollutants Algae Soil acidity and alkalinity(pH) Caused bynematodes Lack ofoxygen Caused byinsects Highmoisture Phenerogamicplant parasites (3) Classification according to nature ofdiseases:- Diseases classified according to the nature may be of the following types (a) Seed borne diseases:- In such diseases the inoculum is found associated with the seed internally or externally and are called as internally seed borne or externally seed borne diseases. Examples:- Fusarium wilt of gram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  28. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) • Soil borne diseases:- These diseases are incited by the inoculum present in the soil in the form of oospores, sclerotia and mycelia etc. • Examples:-damping-off, • Air borne diseases:- These diseases are incited by the inoculum present in the air in the form of conidia, chlamydospores and sporangiaetc. • Examples:- Blight, rust, powderymildew. • (4) Classification according toSymptoms:- • Symptoms of the diseases may also be considered as a base of classification and according to the symptoms, the diseases, may be grouped as rust diseases, leaf spot diseases, smut diseases, downy mildew diseasesetc. • (5) Classification according to theHost:- • According to the host diseases may be grouped as cereal diseases and plantation diseasesetc. • (6) Classification according to the Nature ofInfection:- • According to the nature of infections, the diseases may be classified into two groups namely, • the systemic diseases such as green ear diseases of bajra and loose smut ofwheat • Localized diseases such as leaf spotdisease • Fungi • Fungi are filamentous, multi-cellular organisms, having organized nucleus with nuclear membrane, always lacking of chlorophyll, but presence of cell wall in true fungiand Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  29. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) • multiplication by production of asexual or sexual spores of vegetativecells. • vegetative structure offungi:- • Thallus:- Most of the fungi have vegetative body called thallus consisting more or lessfilamentous • Hypha:- Filamentous thallus or individual branch iscalled • as hypha. • Mycellium:- Group of hyphae is calledMycellium. • Aseptate myceilium:- When mycellium do not having cross walls (septa) are known as non septate or coenocytic or Aseptatemyceilium. • septate myceilium:- When mycellium having cross walls are called as septate • Reproduction offungi • (1) Asexual reproduction:- In asexual reproduction the hyphae cut off minutespores. • The structure and origin of these spores vary greatly and each types has been given different names ie. chlamydospores, conidiophores (conidia),in • mastigomycotina, sporangium, sporangia are formed,in • aquatic forms, sporangia liberate naked protoplasmic bodied, the swamspore orzoospores • In the ascomycotina and deuteromycotina, theconidia • may be produced in special structures known as pycnidia, sporodochiu, acervuli. • (2) Sexualreproduction:- • Involves two separategametes. • The sexual reproduction by union of two morphologically dissimilar gametes is known as oogamy (leadsto Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

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  31. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) • development of simple structure oospores er a complex fruit cleitothecium, perithecium,apothecium) • In most of higher form of fungi the sexual process involves the union of two similar gamatangia. This is known as isogamy (lead to formation of zygospore orzygote) • Classification ofspores • (A) AsexualSpores:- • Exogenous:- 1. Conidia 2.Oidia • Endogenous:- • Motile:- 1. Zoospores 2. Swarmspores • Non-motile:-Applanospore • (B) SexualSpores:- • 1.Zygote 2. Zygospore 3. Oospores 4. Ascospores5. • Basidiospores • (C) VegetativeSpores:- • 1. Chlamydospores Classification of sporefruits: • Asexual Spore fruit:- 1. Sporangium 2. Synemmata (Coremium) 3. Sporodochium 4. Sorus 5. Pycnidium 6. • Accium 7. Acervulus 8.Pycnium • Sexual Sporefruit:- • Ascocarps:- 1. Cleistothecium 2. Perithecium3. • Apothecium 4.Ascostroma • Basidiocarps:- 1. Puffballs 2. Bracket fungi 3. Mushroom • Pycnidium:- The spore fruits usually have an opening is calledOstioles • Cleistothecium:- It is closed withoutostioles • Apothecium:- A cup or saucer shaped spore fruit with broad opening is calledapothecium • Ascotroma:- It has ostiole Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  32. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Common group of plant diseases fungiare Ustilaginales Smutfungi Uredinales Rust fungi Erysiphaceae Powdery mildews Peronosporaceae Downymildews Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  33. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Plant Disease ListPathogen Bacterial diseases Citrus canker Bacterial blight ofrice Greening disease of citrus- (vector- Citrus Psyllia Diphorina citri) Scab disease ofpotato Yellow vine of cucurbits (vector Sqash bug, Anasatritis) Ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane (RSD)(vector Mechanical transmission) Black rot ofcrucifers Angular leaf spot/black arm of cotton Fire blight ofapple/pear Red stripe of sugarcane Corn stunt (Dalbulasmaidis) Mycoplasma disease Nameofdisease Hostplant Vector Yellow dwarf disease Rice PhyllodySesame Littleleaf Brinjal Grassy shootSugarcane Purpletoproll Potato GLH Leafhopper Leafhopper Aphids Leafhopper Sandalspikedisease Cardamom Leafhopper Viraldisease Hostplant Viraldisease Vector Wheat Streakmosaic Eriophyidmite Maize Mosaic Sorghum bug Rice Tungrodisease GLH Rice Grassystunt BPH Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  34. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Rosettevirus Aphid Budnecrosis Thrips Sterilitymosaic Eriophyidmite Yellow vein mosaic Whitefly Leafcurl Whitefly Leafcurl Thrips Mosaic Whitefly Potatoleafroll Aphid Bunchytop Aphid Tristeza Aphid Groundnut Groundnut Pigeonpea Bhindi Tomato Chilli Chilli Potato Banana Citrus Papaya Mosaic Aphid Cardamom Kattee/Foorkey Aphid Cotton Leafcurl Whitefly Tobacco Leafcurl Whitefly Soybean Mosaic Whitefly Papaya Leafcurl Whitefly Cowpea Mosaic Aphid Mango Malformation Budmite Rice Disease Pathogen Blast (Rottenneck) Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) / Bacterial leaf streak Pyriculariaoryzae Xanthomonas compestris pv. oryzicola Brown leafspot Khairadisease Bakanae / Foot rot / Fusarium blight / disease Helminthosporiumoryzae Zincdeficiency Gibberellafujikuroi PanSukh Sheathblight Dry physiologicaldisease Rhizoctoniasolani Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  35. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Tungrodisease Grassystunt Udbattadisease Rice Tungrovirus Viraldisease Due to Fungi ‘Ephelis oryzae’ 11 Ufradisease Ditylenchusangustus(Nematode) 12 Mantekdisease Rice rootnematode 13 Stemrot Sclerotiumoryzae 14 Sheathrot Sarocladiumoryzae 15 False / Greensmut Ustilaginoideavirens 16 Stackburndisease Trichoconispadwickii 17 Bunt / Kernal smut/Blacksmut Tilletiabarcylayana 18 Yellowdwarf Mycoplasma-like organism(MLO) Wheat Disease Pathogen Brown / Orange/leafrusts Yellow or striperust Black / stem rust (Killerdisease) Karnal bunt(Cancer) Loose smut Powderymildew Tundu disease / sehu / yellow ear rot disease Puccinia reconditatritici Pucciniastriiformis Puccinia graministritici Neovossiaindica Ustilago nudatritici Erysiphe graministritici Corynebacterium tritici+Anguina tritici Flagsmut Hillbunt Ear-cockle Urocystisgamines/tritici Tilletiafoetida Anguinatritici 11 Molyadisease Heteroderaavcnae 12 Stinkingsmut Tilletiacaries 13 Footrot Pythiumgraminicolum 14 Leafblight Alternariatriticina 15 Leafblotch Septoriatritici Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  36. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Pearl Millet /Bajra Disease Pathogen Downy mildew / green ear disease Sclerosporagraminicola Ergot Clavicepsfusiformis Smut Tolyposporiumpenicillariae Rust Pucciniapenniseti Maize Disease Pathogen White budofmaize Zndeficiency Charcoalrot Macrophominaphaseoli Seed Rot / Seedling Blight Pythiumaphanidermatum Smut UstilagoMaydis Brownspot Physodermamaydis Rust Pucciniasorghi Leafblight Helminthosporiummaydis Downymildew Peronosclerosporasorghi Barley Disease Pathogen Coveredsmut Ustilagohordei Loosesmut Ustilagonuda Powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis var.hardei Sorghum Disease Pathogen Downymildew Grain / Covered / kernalsmut Leafrust Headsmut Sclerosporasoghi Sphacelothecasorghi Pucciniapurpurea Sphacelothecareiliana Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  37. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Longsmut Leafspot Anthracnose Leaf blight Loose Tolyposporiumehrenbergii Cercosporasorghi Colletotrichumgraminicolum Helminthosporiumturcicum Sphacelothecacruenta 10Charcoal-rot Macrophominaphaeseolina 11 Ergot sugarydisease Sphaceliasorghi 12 Phenerogamicsparasite Strigaasiatica Gram/chickpea Disease Pathogen Fusariumwilt Ascochytablight Arhar/Pigeonpea Disease Pathogen Fusarium Oxysporiumf.v.cicri Ascochytarabiei Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporumf. sp.udum Sterility mosaic Sterilitymosaic Soybean Disease Pathogen Yellowmosaic Mungbean Yellow mosaic virus Anthracnose/Pod blight Colletotrichumtruncatum Groundnut Disease Pathogen FungalDiseases Earty leaf spota (Tikka disease) Late leaf spot (Tikkadisease) Cercosporaarachidicola Phaeoisariopsispersonata Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  38. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Rust Collar rot /Seedling blight /Crown rot Pucciniaarachidis Aspergillus niger andAspergillus pulverulentum Rootrot Stemrot Wilt Anthracnose Grey mould Macrophominaphaseolina Corticiumrolfsii Fusariumoxysporum Colletotrichumdematium Botrytiscinerea 10 YellowMould Aspergillusflavus BacterialDisease 1 Bacterialwilt ViralDiseases Pseudomonassolanacearum Rosettevirus Peanut spotted wilt /Bud Necrosis /Groundnut ring mosaic /Tomato spotted wilt virus Mustard Disease Pathogen White rust/blister Albugocandida Alternariablight Alternariabrassicae Downymildew Peronosporabrassicae Sugarcane Disease Pathogen FungalDiseases RedRot Colletotrichumfalcatum Smut Ustilagoscitaminea Sett rot (or) Pineapple disease Ceratocystisparadoxa Wilt Cephalosporiumsacchari Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  39. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) 5Rust Pucciniaerianthi 6 Dampingoff Pythiumaphanidermatum 7 DownyMildew Peronosclerosporasacchari 8 Eyespot Helminthosporiumsacchari 9Ringspot Leptosphaeriasacchari BacterialDiseases 1 LeafScald Xanthomonasalbilineans 2Gummosis Xanthomonas campesris pv.vasculorum 3 RedStripe Pseudomonasrubrilineans ViralDiseases 1Mosaic Sugarcane mosaicvirus 2Spike M.L.O.Diseases Whiteleaf Grassyshoot Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  40. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Plant Disease ListPathogen Potato Disease Pathogen Lateblight Phytophthorainfestans Early blight Alternariasolani Blackscurf Rhyzoctoniasolani Wart Synchytriumendobioticum Blackheart Due to oxygenstarvation Scab Streptomycesscabies Sesame Disease Pathogen 1 PhyllodyMycoplasma Cotton Disease Pathogen 1 Bacterial blight/ angular leaf spot/ black arm Xanthomonasmalvacearum 2 Tirak/bad opening ofbolls Physiologicaldisorder 3 Fusariumwilt Fusarium moniliform sp. vasinectum Leafblight Alternariamacrospora 5 Stenosis/ smallleaf Virus Tomato Disease Pathogen 1 Earlyblight Alternariasolani Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  41. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) 2 Lateblight Phytophthorainfestans leafcurl Viral Blossom end rot Cadeficiency Fruitcracking Borondeficiency Brinjal Disease Pathogen Phomopsis blight/fruit rot Phomopsisvexans Little leafofbrinjal Mycoplasma Dampingoff Pithiumsp BacterialWilt Psedomonas solancearum Chilli Disease Pathogen Dampingoff Pythium Aphanidermatum /phytophorasp. Anthracnose/ripe rot die back Collectotrichumcapsici Leafcurl Viral Mustard Disease Pathogen White RustBlister AldugoCandida Browningofcauliflower Borondeficiency Whiptailofcauliflower Modeficiency Club-root (finger & toe disease) Plasmodiphorabrassicae Mango Disease Pathogen 1Malformation Fusariummonilliformae 2 Black tip/Mangonecrosis Borondeficiency Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  42. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Banana Disease Pathogen 1 Panamawilt Fusariumoxysporium Bunchy top Virus Vector is aphid PentaloniaNigronervosa Citrus Disease Pathogen Citruscanker Xanthomonascompestris Die-back / wither tip Collectotrichumgloeosporiodides Gummosis Phytophthorapalmivora Greening Causedmycoplasma Tristeza Viral Other Crops Disease Pathogen Powdery mildew of cucurbits is causedby? Downy mildew of cucurbits is causedby? White blister of cabbage is causedby? Black rot of cabbage is causedby? Club root of cauliflower is causedby? Damping off of tobacco is causedby? Tobacco Mosaic disease is causedby? Alternaria blight or leaf spot of sunflower is causedby? cichoracearum Pseudopernosporacubensis Albugocandida Xanthomonascompestris Plasmodiosphorabrassicae Pythiumaphanidermaum NicotianaVirus-1 Alternariahelianthi Root and collar rot of sunflower is causedby? The causal organism of Phyllody disease of sesame? Sclerotiumrolfssi MLO Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

  43. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) 1 Ring rust of Aonla is causedby? Ravenellia emblicavar. fructoidae Scab disease in apple is causedby? Peach leaf curl is caused by fungus: Anthracnose of guava is causedby? Venturiainaequalis Taphrinadeformens Collectotrichumpsidii Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

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  45. Agripoormenfriend( Pathology) Join@Telegram Agripoormenfriend #NoMoreWateUrPaPaMoney

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