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Chapter 1 Crop production and management

Chapter 1 Crop production and management

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Chapter 1 Crop production and management

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  1. 1.Crop production and managements Crop: When plants of some kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called crop. There are two types of crop kharif and ravi crop.

  2. 1.CROPKharif crop The crop which are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crop. The rainy season generally occur from June to September. Example paddy,soyabeanand groundnut.

  3. Rabi crop The crop grown in the winter season are called rabi crop. Their time period is generally from October to march. Examples of rabi crop are wheat,gram,pea etc…

  4. Basic practices of crop production Cultivation of crop involved many activities undertaken by farmers over a period of time. These activities or tasks are referred to as agriculture practices. These activities are as follow:- Preparation of soil Sowing Adding manure and fertilizer Irrigation Protecting from weeds Harvesting Storages

  5. Preparation of soil:- The preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop. It is a process in which the soil is loosen to allow soil to breath easily even when they go deep in the soil. The loosen soil help in the growth of many earthworm and microbes. That are friends of farmers. They provide a lot of humus to soil. The process of loosening and turing of the soil is called tilling or ploughing.It is done by many tools like plough and seed drill.

  6. Sowing:- Sowing of seeds at appropriate depths and distance give good yield. Good variety of seed is sown after selection of healthy seed. Sowing is done by seed drill.

  7. Adding manure and fertilizer:- The substance which are added to soil in the from of nutrients for healthy growth of the plants are called manure and fertilizer. Manure: It is natural substance prepared from the decomposition of plants and animals wastes by the action of a certain bacteria Fertilizer: Fertilizer are chemical substances which are rich in a particular nutrients. It is produce in factories. Example Urean,nitrogen etc…

  8. Irrigation:- The supply of water to the crop at different intervals is called irrigation. It is done by drip system etc…

  9. Protection from weeds:- In the field many other undesriable plants may grow naturally along with the plant are called weeds. The weeds removal includes physical removal of weeds by uprooting or cutting. Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals called weedicides like 2,4d etc…

  10. Harvesting:- The cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting. It is done with sickle and machine called combine.

  11. Storage:- Storage of grain is necessary to protect them from pets and microbes. Harvested food grain normally contain more moisture then required for storage. Large scale of grain is stored in silos and granaries to protect them from pets like rats and insects etc…

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