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Globalization and Educational Policy in Japan

Globalization and Educational Policy in Japan. Date:14:30-,September 24,2012 Venue: Faculty of Education ,Tampere University Ikuo ISOZAKI(isozaki@faculty.chiba-u.jp). contents. 1. Introduction 2. What is globalization? 3. Impacts on the State 4. Impacts on Educational Policy

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Globalization and Educational Policy in Japan

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  1. Globalization and Educational Policy in Japan Date:14:30-,September 24,2012 Venue: Faculty of Education ,Tampere University Ikuo ISOZAKI(isozaki@faculty.chiba-u.jp) (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  2. contents 1. Introduction 2. What is globalization? 3. Impacts on the State 4. Impacts on Educational Policy in Japan 5 Discussion (C)Iuka ISOZAKI

  3. 1. Introduction Purpose of this presentation: The progress of globalization have had a variety of explicit and implicit impacts on the many aspects of our livelihood in the world. This is on-going process, so we cannot predict its future in more details despite of many studies. Here I would like to talk mainly about its impacts on educational policies in Japan. I will describe the current conditions of its educational policies rather than make multiple analyses. (C)Iuka ISOZAKI

  4. 2. What is Globalization? A. Giddens: “the global expansion of social relationship linking regions that were far apart, something in a certain region is formed by another happened in a far away region”(Giddens :64) D. Harvey : “compression of space-time” (Harvey :284) (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  5. 3. Impacts on the State The viewpoint of transformationalists Crossing pressure (1) the aspect of collapse (2) the aspect of restructuring (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  6. Sources: Cullen and Cushman:5 (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  7. 4. Impacts on Educational Policy in Japan Three epochs of Renovation • (1) the period of Formation of the Meiji • Government • (2)the period at the End of WWⅡ • (3) 1980’s beyond • ・ Initial response to globalization(1980’s) • ・Contemporary response to globalization (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  8. <Initial response to globalization(1980’s)> The progress of liberalization The Ad Hoc Council on Education(Nakasone Cabinet) ＜ Basic concepts＞ (1)Stress on liberalization of education and individuality (2)Carry out the transition to a lifelong leaning system (3)Make the educational structures and practices correspond to such contemporary changes as internationalization: 　→ the necessity of English education, Japanese-language education and acceptance of more foreign students and so on Cf. USA,UK (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  9. <Contemporary response to globalization(since 1990’s)> 1Liberalization and counteraction Case1 Liberalization Implementation of the period of integrated studies,5 days a week of reduction of teaching hours and contents of textbook- “yutori kyoiku”(a more relaxed education) Counteraction PISAshock(2003) and so on <Compulsory Education> Introduction of National Test(2007) Revision of Course study(Increase of teaching hours, etc.) (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  10. Table1. PISA results: Rankings Sources:http://www.oecd.org/pisa/ (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  11. <Higher education> ・ Introduction of an accreditation system by third- party organizations ・ Design for COE(Center of Excellence) ・ Appropriation of outcome evaluation ・ Fall university enrollment,etc. < Teacher education > ・Introduction of 6 year system of teacher trainingand so forth (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  12. Case2 Liberalization ・ Introduction of School Choice System: Parents can choose whichever school they want their children to enter. ・Education Special District: Deregulation Counteraction Withdraw from School Choice System(partly) (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  13. Table2. Examples of Education Special District Sources:http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/kouzou2/sankou/rei.pdf (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  14. 2 Democratization and counteraction Case1 Democratization: Devolution ・Equal Partner:MEXT and board of Education ・School Autonomy(School empowerment) Counteraction Control to board of education:directing power for correctness and requiring power for correctness (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  15. Case2 Democratization Introduction of School Councilor System A system under which parents and people in a community participate in school management Cf. School regency system Counteraction Introduction of hierarchical system within school (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  16. 3 The rise of New Conservatism(Statism) as a counteraction of Liberalization ・Fundamental Law of Education Revised(2007) ・Introduction of the patriot education (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  17. ・Add an object of Compulsory Education: Nurture the attitude of affection toward homeland and Japanese nation ・Increase description of preservation of Japanese land(Textbook): Explicit expressions are increasing, concerning Northern Islands,Takeshima Island and Senkaku Islands. (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  18. 4 New trend The case of Osaka ：mixture of a variety of ideas Osaka Basic Ordinance on Education 　 　・liberalism(competition and NPM valued) ・conservatism(state valued) 　　　　 ・decentralization(devolution) (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  19. 5. Discussion Where do we stand now? ・Stagnation 　・Job loss ・Enlargement of inequality ・Identity crisis 　・Change of Population Configuration (Declining birth rate, Aging) 　・ Enormous National deficits *Egalitarianism which was highly valued in post-war education is deteriorated. (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  20. What direction should we drive for? ・Necessity of the formation of National vision, gained most Japanese people’s consensus, which includes the positioning and roles of educational policies 　・Some other suggestions, following Cullen and Cushman’s core roles (1)Toward National competitiveness (2)Toward Social value (3)Toward Governability (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  21. <References> Cullen,R.B. andD.P.Cushman(2000) Transitions to Competitive Government: Speed,Consensus,and Performance(Albany:StateUniversity of New York Press) Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity (Stanford:Stanford University Press) Harvey,D.(1989) The Condition of Postmodernity(oxford,UK:Blackwell) Held,D.,A.McGrew,D.Goldblatt,andJ.Perraton(1999) Global Transformation:Politics,Economics,and Culture (Stanford:Stanford University Press) Isozaki,I.(2005) “Gurobaraizesyon to Kokka(Globalization and the State)”(Japanese Social Studies Research 95) ,pp.43-53. ------ (2009) “Globalization,Educaton and Japan,”(presentation document) Conference on Language Policies(Sophia,Bulgaria:Sophia University)(Nov. 2009) Jackson,R.(1993) Quasi States:Sovereignty,International Relations and the Third World(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press) Palan,R.and J.Abbot with P.Deans(1996) State Strategies in the Global Political Economy(London and New York:Pinter Swank,D.(2002) Global Capital,Political Institutions and Policy Change in Developed Welfare States(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press) Walters,M.(1995) Globalization(London:Routledge) (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

  22. Thank you for Listening (C)Ikuo ISOZAKI

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