Gas Accretion and SF in Nearby Early-Types: UV, Optical, CO

1. Gas Accretion and SF in Nearby Early-Types: UV, Optical, CO Martin Bureau,Oxford University SAURON (R. Bacon, M. Cappellari, R.L. Davies, E. Emsellem, J. Falcon-Barroso, D. Krajnovic, M. Sarzi, H. Kuntschner, R.M. McDermid, R.F. Peletier, G. van de Ven, P.T. de Zeeuw) CO (A. Crocker, F. Combes, L.M. Young) GALEX (H. Jeong, Y-K. Sheen, S.K. Yi) Plans:Optical/SAURON: Stellar populations in E/S0s and KDCs CO/BIMA:Star formation material, accretion, HI UV/GALEX:Current and recent star formation Summary

2. Gas Accretion and SF in Nearby Early-Types: UV, Optical, CO Martin Bureau,Oxford University SAURON (R. Bacon, M. Cappellari, R.L. Davies, E. Emsellem, J. Falcon-Barroso, D. Krajnovic, M. Sarzi, H. Kuntschner, R.M. McDermid, R.F. Peletier, G. van de Ven, P.T. de Zeeuw) CO (A. Crocker, F. Combes, L.M. Young) GALEX (H. Jeong, Y-K. Sheen, S.K. Yi) Plans:Optical/SAURON: Stellar populations in E/S0s and KDCs CO/BIMA: Star formation material, accretion, HI UV/GALEX: Current and recent star formation Summary

3. Galaxy Formation Goals: • Mass assembly history (galaxies vs. stars) • Chemical enrichment history Context: • Hierarchical structure formation (merging, harassment, ...) • Subsequent dynamical evolution (BH/triaxiality-driven, ...) ⇒ Exploit "fossil record" (near-field cosmology) (Juneau et al 05)

4. SAURON: Stellar Linestrengths(Kuntschner et al. 06, 08) Main results: • Standard: Homogeneously old, decreasing metallicity (larger spread among S0s) • Occasional: Young core/body, increasing metallicity • Isoindices: Mgb isoindex countours often flatter than light (40%; rotators)

5. Stellar Pop.: Classic KDCs(McDermid et al. 06) Classic KDCs: • Large: kpc's(0.3-0.4 Re) • Massive • Coeval: homogeneously old • Non-rotators Formation: • Early (dissipative) major merging, then quiescent? • Recent dissipationless major merging (dry mergers)? SAURON Data:

6. Stellar Pop.: Compact KDCs(McDermid et al. 06) SAURON-OASIS Data: Compact KDCs: • Small: 100 pc's(≤ 0.1 Re) • Lightweight • Young: distinct, younger toward center (contrary to ionized gas) • Rotators Formation: • Recent dissipative minor merging/accretion?

7. KDCs: Age-Size Dichotomy(McDermid et al. 06) SAURON-OASIS Data: Central pixel Compact KDCs: • Small: 100 pc's(≤ 0.1 Re) • Lightweight • Young: distinct, increasingly young toward center • Rotators Classic KDCs: • Large: kpc's(0.3-0.4 Re) • Massive • Coeval: homogeneously old • Non-rotators

8. Gas Accretion and SF in Nearby Early-Types: UV, Optical, CO Martin Bureau,Oxford University SAURON (R. Bacon, M. Cappellari, R.L. Davies, E. Emsellem, J. Falcon-Barroso, D. Krajnovic, M. Sarzi, H. Kuntschner, R.M. McDermid, R.F. Peletier, G. van de Ven, P.T. de Zeeuw) CO (A. Crocker, F. Combes, L.M. Young) GALEX (H. Jeong, Y-K. Sheen, S.K. Yi) Plans:Optical/SAURON: Stellar populations in E/S0s and KDCs CO/BIMA:Star formation material, accretion, HI UV/GALEX: Current and recent star formation Summary

9. CO: Single-Dish Survey(Combes, Young & Bureau 07) IRAM 30m Survey: • CO(1-0), 23” FWHM (2-1), 12” FWHM • 39/48 SAURON E/SOs • Sensitivity: 2-4 mK (30 km s-1) 1-5 x 107 M⊙ • Literature results Results: • 28% detection rate (12/43) • As expected for L, type • <CO(2-1)/CO(1-0)> ≈ 1.4 High S/N: Low S/N:

10. CO: Dust, FIR, SF(Combes, Young & Bureau 07) Correlations: • MH2 – FIR correlation (and normalised) • Extension of Kennicutt-Schmidt relation • High SFE

11. CO: L, Linestrengths, SF(Combes, Young & Bureau 07) Correlations: • More CO for ...  Low type, L, σ  High Hβ, low Fe and Mg  High Hα, low B-V, age • Trends appear ultimately “driven” by SF • Confirmed by FIR/radio continuum ratio

12. CO: Central Disks(Young, Bureau & Cappellari 08; Bureau & Young, in prep) Central Disks: • CO cospatial with young stars and central stellar/gas disk • CO and stars/gas co-rotating CRs: • CO roughly cospatial with young stars and CR/gas (generally less extended) • CO and stars/gas kinematics unrelated ? (triggered SF?) BIMA-SAURON Data: NGC4526 DSS+CO “age” Hβ CO SAURON V★+CO VCO

13. CO: Central Disks(Young, Bureau & Cappellari 08; Bureau & Young, in prep) Central Disks: • CO cospatial with young stars and central stellar/gas disk • CO and stars/gas co-rotating CRs: • CO roughly cospatial with young stars and CR/gas (generally less extended) • CO and stars/gas kinematics unrelated ? (triggered SF?) BIMA-SAURON Data: NGC4459 DSS+CO “age” Hβ SAURON CO VCO V★+CO

14. CO: Central Disks(Young, Bureau & Cappellari 08; Bureau & Young, in prep) Central Disks: • CO cospatial with young stars and central stellar/gas disk • CO and stars/gas co-rotating CRs: • CO roughly cospatial with young stars and CR/gas (generally less extended) • CO and stars/gas kinematics unrelated ? (triggered SF?) BIMA-SAURON Data: NGC3032 DSS+CO “age” Hβ SAURON CO V★+CO VCO

15. CO: Central Disks(Young, Bureau & Cappellari 08; Bureau & Young, in prep) Central Disks: • CO cospatial with young stars and central stellar/gas disk • CO and stars/gas co-rotating CRs: • CO roughly cospatial with young stars and CR/gas (generally less extended) • CO and stars/gas kinematics unrelated ? (triggered SF?) BIMA-SAURON Data: NGC4150 DSS+CO “age” Hβ CO SAURON V★ VCO

16. CO: NGC2768 (PdB)(Crocker, Bureau, Young & Combes, 08) CO(1-0): CO vs. SAURON: • CO in a centrally-concentrated rotationally-supported polar disk (rotates like ionised gas) • CO traces dip in (stellar) σ • CO traces Hβ (SF) gas • No evidence of young stars! ICO VCO CO(2-1): ICO VCO

17. CO: NGC2768 (PdB)(Crocker, Bureau, Young & Combes, 08) SAURON EW([OIII]): SAURON EW(Hβ): CO vs. SAURON: • CO in a centrally-concentrated rotationally-supported polar disk (rotates like ionised gas) • CO traces Hβ(SF) gas • CO traces dip in (stellar)σ • No evidence of young stars! EW(Hβ)+ICO σ★+ICO SAURON Hβ abs.: SAURON Hβ/[OIII]: Hβ abs. [OIII]/Hβ+ICO

18. CO: External Accretion HI: NGC2685, NGC2768: • Generic accretion model for polar rings (although likely a polar disk) Generally: • Disturbed HI (Morganti et al. 06) • Lack of strong correlations CO-optical (e.g. scale, L, ...) • Many galaxies with CO but no HI! (Morganti et al. 06) CO:

19. Gas Accretion and SF in Nearby Early-Types: UV, Optical, CO Martin Bureau,Oxford University SAURON (R. Bacon, M. Cappellari, R.L. Davies, E. Emsellem, J. Falcon-Barroso, D. Krajnovic, M. Sarzi, H. Kuntschner, R.M. McDermid, R.F. Peletier, G. van de Ven, P.T. de Zeeuw) CO (A. Crocker, F. Combes, L.M. Young) GALEX (H. Jeong, Y-K. Sheen, S.K. Yi) Plans:Optical/SAURON: Stellar populations in E/S0s and KDCs CO/BIMA: Star formation material, accretion, HI UV/GALEX:Current and recent star formation Summary

20. GALEX: UV Upturn(Jeong et al., in prep) UV Upturn: Normal:

21. NGC2974: UV Morphology - Kin.(Jeong et al. 07) Optical-UV Imaging: Distribution: • Young stars and RSF (UV bright and blue) in centre + outer ring • Possible larger partial ring Barred Dynamics: • [OIII] nuclear and inner rings • Imply unique pattern speed  Bar-driven SF (single pattern speed)

22. NGC2974: UV Morphology - Kin.(Jeong et al. 07) Optical-UV Imaging: Distribution: • Young stars and RSF (UV bright and blue) in centre + outer ring • Possible larger partial ring Barred Dynamics: • [OIII] nuclear and inner rings • Imply unique pattern speed  Bar-driven SF (single pattern speed) Log (EW[OIII]) Resonances

23. NGC2974: Stellar Pop. Modeling(Jeong et al. 07) NUV-V FUV-V χ2 fit SED Age YC χ2 fit Fraction YC SED

24. Other Cases: NGC2273(Jeong et al., in prep) GALEX-MDM: HI Hα (Noordermeer et al. 05)

25. Other Cases: NGC2273(Jeong et al., in prep) V GALEX-MDM: I VHβ Hβ UM [OIII]/Hβ (Falcon-Barroso et al. 06)

26. Other Cases: NGC2273(Jeong et al., in prep) V OVRO CO: I CO VHβ σHβ [OIII]/Hβ (Petitpas & Wilson 02) (Falcon-Barroso et al. 06)

27. Other Cases: NGC4274(Jeong et al., in prep) GALEX-MDM: ICO VCO (Noordermeer et al. 05) (Koda et al. 05)

28. Other Cases: NGC4274(Jeong et al., in prep) SAURON: ICO V σ σHβ VHβ VCO (Noordermeer et al. 05) [OIII]/Hβ [OIII]/Hβ (Koda et al. 05) (Falcon-Barroso et al. 06)

29. Other Cases: NGC5953(Jeong et al., in prep) SAURON: VHI HI (Iono et al. 05) CO VCO (Noordermeer et al. 05) VCO CO

30. Gas Accretion and SF in Nearby Early-Types: UV, Optical, CO Martin Bureau,Oxford University SAURON (R. Bacon, M. Cappellari, R.L. Davies, E. Emsellem, J. Falcon-Barroso, D. Krajnovic, M. Sarzi, H. Kuntschner, R.M. McDermid, R.F. Peletier, G. van de Ven, P.T. de Zeeuw) CO (A. Crocker, F. Combes, L.M. Young) GALEX (H. Jeong, Y-K. Sheen, S.K. Yi) Plans:Optical/SAURON: Stellar populations in E/S0s and KDCs CO/BIMA: Star formation material, accretion, HI UV/GALEX: Current and recent star formation Summary

31. (Preliminary) Conclusions • KDCs: - Classic KDCs: Large, massive, homogeneously old, non-rotator (early dissipational/late dissipationless major merger) - Compact KDCs: Small, lightweight, young, rotator (minor merger/gas accretion) • CO: - Central disks:CO cospatial/corotating with gas/young stars - Central CRs:CO roughly cospatial with gas/young stars (generally less extended), unrelated to CRs ? ✗ Still in exploratory phase, building up sample... • UV: - Resolved UV-optical colors:Constraints on age, mass fraction, and surface density of young stars - Recent SF correlated with dynamics (disk formation ?) (both secular and externally-triggered SF) ✗ Statistical and UV-upturn analyses to come...

32. Conclusions: Future Atlas3D: • Complete volume-limited E/SO sample: - 257 E/S0s within ≈ 40 Mpc (and visible from La Palma; ≈ 200 new targets) - 38 guaranteed nights on WHT (>70 objects done in 14 nights April) - 115 hours on IRAM 30m so far... (sample already 75% complete; ≥20% detection rate, no significant cluster-field difference) ✗Also obtaining optical IFU data for E/S0s with existing CO maps...