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The Oil Industry

The Oil Industry. Lamia Dahmash and Shinhoo Lee . C.2.1 Compare the use of Oil as an energy source and as a chemical Feedstock. . Importance of Oil as a Chemical Feedstock. Crude oil (or petroleum) was formed over the course of millions of years from the decay of marine organisms.

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The Oil Industry

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  1. The Oil Industry Lamia Dahmash and Shinhoo Lee

  2. C.2.1 Compare the use of Oil as an energy source and as a chemical Feedstock.

  3. Importance of Oil as a Chemical Feedstock • Crude oil (or petroleum) was formed over the course of millions of years from the decay of marine organisms. • Crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons and they can be separated or refined, and most of the crude oil is used for sources of energy such as petrol, other fuels for transport (diesel), and oil heating systems.. • Only 10% of crude oil is used as chemical feedstock. • Chemical feedstock is used to manufacture products such as polymers, drugs, cosmetics, paints, fertilizers, pesticides, detergents and dyes.

  4. C.2.2 Compare catalytic cracking, thermal cracking and steam cracking.

  5. Cracking Cracking is the process conducted at high temperatures whereby large hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, more useful molecules. The products are usually alkanes and alkenes. For example, decane can be broken down from octane to ethene. C10+ H22 (g) C8H18(g) + C2H4 (g) The alkanes are usually branched isomers (eg.2,2,4 trimethyl pentane) and are added to gasoline (petrol) to improve the octane rating. The alkanes are used to make other chemicals, particularly addition polymers.

  6. Catalytic Cracking The use of a Silica/ alumina Catalyst enables the cracking to take place at relatively low temperature of between 500- 800°C. Products are branched alkanes and alkenes. An example is high grade gasoline, since branched alkanes increase the fuel octane rating

  7. Steam Cracking The feedstock preheated, vaporized, and mixed with steam and then converted to low molecular mass alkenes at 800-900°C. These are used in manufacturing of polymers (i.e. polyethene)

  8. Thermal Cracking • Temperatures range from 500-750°C, and a high pressure of 70 atm is required. This process creates branched alkanes and alkenes, but smaller hydrocarbons than those produced by catalytic cracking. Used for kerosene, jet fuel.

  9. Composition and Characterisitcs of Crude Oil Fractions The number of Carbon atoms, boiling ranges, and the uses of different fractions summarized in the table:

  10. Environmental Impact of the Process and the Products.

  11. Thank you  Hope youu enjoyed our presentation! Please feel free to ask us any questions! Shinhoo Lamia PS…WE DON’T REALLY MEAN IT. DON’T ASK QUESTIONS! 

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