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Dr. K.B. McManus, University of Durham Dr. D.N.M. Donoghue, University of Durham

Airborne thermography and ground geophysical investigation for detecting shallow ground disturbance. Dr. K.B. McManus, University of Durham Dr. D.N.M. Donoghue, University of Durham Dr. S.H. Marsh, British Geological Survey Dr. C. Brooke, Leicestershire County Council. Physical Context.

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Dr. K.B. McManus, University of Durham Dr. D.N.M. Donoghue, University of Durham

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  1. Airborne thermography and ground geophysical investigation for detecting shallow ground disturbance Dr. K.B. McManus, University of Durham Dr. D.N.M. Donoghue, University of Durham Dr. S.H. Marsh, British Geological Survey Dr. C. Brooke, Leicestershire County Council

  2. Physical Context Soil Marks variation in mineralogy and moisture properties Crop Marks variation in vegetation health Differential Crop Marks constraint on root depth and moisture availability

  3. vegetation bare soil Temperature water Time 00:00 12:00 24:00 How do materials respond to solar heating?

  4. vegetation bare soil Temperature water Time 24:00 00:00 12:00 Physical and Apparent Thermal Inertia • Physical Thermal Inertia (TI) • Response to temperature change • Physical TI = √(density*thermal conductivity*heat capacity) • Apparent Thermal Inertia (ATI) • ATI = (1-albedo) / (Temperature max - Temperature min) • Thermal image pair solar noon and pre-dawn

  5. Comparison of visible, near-infrared and thermal Natural Colour Composite VISR:VISG:VISB False Colour Composite NIR:VISR:VISG Day TIR Night TIR

  6. TIR -v- Geophysical Properties (1)Buried archaeology at Bosworth, Leics. Apparent Thermal Inertia Magnetometry

  7. Characteristics of thermal response of soil

  8. TIR -v- Geophysical Properties (2)Topographic feature on Baildon Moor, W. Yorks. Thermal profile Electromagnetic profile

  9. TIR -v- Geophysical Properties (3)Vegetation feature on Baildon Moor, W. Yorks. Thermal profile Resistivity profile

  10. TIR –v- Soil properties FEATURE C Thermal and Geophysical Anomaly FEATURE B Thermal Anomaly

  11. Conclusions • Thermal imaging during the day or night can enhance detection of anomalous materials compared to visible and near-infrared imaging • Contrast between thermal images also enhances anomaly detection with sensitivity to bulk variations • Comparison of thermal images with physical soil parameters suggest • Thermal response beneath vegetation sensitive to diurnal variations shallower than 0.50m (thermal profiling) • Good correlation with topographic features due to differential solar heating • Good correlation with moisture properties (resistivity and soil samples)

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