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Getting Started with Linux: Novell s Guide to CompTIA s Linux Course 3060

2. The Historical Development of UNIX. At the end of the 1960s, most operating systems were only designed for batch operationsPrograms in punch cards or perforated stripsDebugging was inefficientFirst version of UNIX was written in AssemblerUNIX was rewritten in 1971 in CFunctionalities were ve

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Getting Started with Linux: Novell s Guide to CompTIA s Linux Course 3060

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    1. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060)

    2. 2 The Historical Development of UNIX At the end of the 1960s, most operating systems were only designed for batch operations Programs in punch cards or perforated strips Debugging was inefficient First version of UNIX was written in Assembler UNIX was rewritten in 1971 in C Functionalities were very quickly added to UNIX and it reached a very high level of maturity

    3. 3 The Historical Development of UNIX (continued) A series of commercial UNIX derivatives were developed BSD UNIX (Berkeley Software Distribution, 1978) In 1983, AT&T began marketing UNIX SystemV They proclaimed SystemV as “the” UNIX standard Licensing changed considerably Quarrels between UNIX vendors prevented a standardization of the UNIX family

    4. 4 The Development of Linux Linux tries to combine the best of both worlds 1991: Linus Torvalds, a Finnish student, developed a rudimentary kernel that he passed on as a source text to others who were interested via the Internet Source code was made available with the GPL (General Public License) the freedom to change and share all versions of a program Linux rapidly developed into a project involving many people

    5. The Development of Linux (continued) The development of the system’s core (Linux kernel) is still coordinated by Linus Torvalds The functions of the kernel include I/O control, device control, process management, and file management Other system components are maintained by other people or groups 5

    6. 6 The Development of Linux (continued) There are two current versions of development: A stable version, identified by an even number after the first dot example 2.6.5 Developer versions, identified by an odd number after the first dot example 2.5.1 Linux distributions are based on the even-numbered versions They often provide current development kernels, which, under certain circumstances, are needed for the integration of new hardware components

    7. 7 The Development of Linux (continued) Because Linux is written in C, it is available for many different hardware platforms

    8. 8 Differences Between SUSE Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server SLES is based on SUSE Linux Professional The Professional distribution is intensely tested and security and stability is improved SLES contains some features that will be made available in future versions of SUSE Professional SLES 9 has fewer packages than the Professional distribution SLES has a guaranteed life cycle of 5 years Only the SLES product is certified by independent hardware and software vendors

    9. 9 Identify the Components of SLES 9 SLES 9 has several new and improved features Updated Core System with Latest Versions/Features of All Packages New and Improved YaST Modules Next Generation Linux Kernel 2.6.5 Improved High Availability Support

    10. 10 Updated Core System with Latest Versions/Features of All Packages Updated core system features and versions: SUSE Linux kernel (version 2.6.5) Main C library (glibc 2.3.3) GNU compiler collection (GCC 3.3.3) XFree X11 graphical user interface (XFree 4.3.99) KDE Desktop Environment (3.2.1) GNOME Desktop Environment (2.4.2) File, print, and other services for Windows (Samba 3.0.4) Apache Web server version 2.x (Apache 2.0.49) Domain name server (BIND 9.2.3)

    11. 11 New and Improved YaST Modules YaST is the installation and administration tool for SLES 9 Includes the following improvements: New YaST license (GPL) New and improved installation methods (NFS, HTTP, FTP, VNC, SSH, and SLP) New and improved configuration modules (such as DNS)

    12. 12 Next Generation Linux Kernel 2.6.5 (continued) Improvements (continued): Support for more than 64 CPUs Support for thousands of devices and disks Improved block I/O layer Improved network stack: IPv6, IPSEC, Mobile IPv6 Hotplug support (SCSI, USB, Firewire, PCI, and CPU) Persistent device names and unified device handling Class-based kernel resource management (CKRM)

    13. 13 Summary Linux is an advanced multiuser and multitasking operating system developed by Linus Torvalds The Linux source code is protected under GPL; it can be publicly developed and distributed One of the most prominent Linux distributions is SUSE Linux

    14. 14

    15. 15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XpnKHJAok8

    16. 16 Chapter 2 -- Introduction In Linux, the GUI is a normal application that you can choose whether or not to install You can configure most services in Linux by editing an ASCII text file, so you do not need a GUI if you want your computer to act only as a server Not installing a GUI has the following advantages: Stability Performance Security

    17. 17 Overview of the Linux Desktop The base of any GUI on Linux is the X Window System (simply called X or X11) It allows you to control the input and output of several applications in different windows of a GUI Created in 1984 at MIT Initial goal: enable graphical applications across a network, independent of hardware Graphical applications run in their own windows Text-based applications are carried out in a terminal window

    18. 18 Use the KDE Desktop Environment One of the most frequently used graphical desktop environments is KDE (installed by default) The following explains how to use KDE on SLES 9: How to Log In How to Log Out How to Shut Down and Reboot the Linux System How to Identify KDE Desktop Components How to Manage Icons in the KDE Environment How to Use the Konqueror File Manager

    19. 19 How to Log In

    20. 20 How to Log In (continued)

    21. 21 How to Log In (continued)

    22. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 22 How to Log Out At the bottom of the KDE menu, select Logout You can also right-click on the window background and select the same option from the popup menu A confirmation dialog box appears If you select Logout again, you are logged out and the login screen reappears, allowing you or another person to log in

    23. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 23 How to Log Out (continued)

    24. 24 How to Shut Down and Reboot the Linux System If you are at the login screen, you can open the Menu menu and select from: Session Type Restart X Server Shutdown Type (see Figure 2-6) Older computers have to be switched off manually when indicated to do so If you switch the machine off too soon, this could possibly lead to loss of data Always shut down your computer before you turn it off

    25. 25 How to Shut Down and Reboot the Linux System (continued)

    26. 26 How to Identify KDE Desktop Components After you log in, your system will by default start the KDE desktop environment; it is composed of: The Desktop The KDE Control Panel (Kicker) The KDE Menu Virtual Desktops By default, two virtual desktops are configured

    27. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 27 How to Identify KDE Desktop Components (continued) The KDE menu consists of the following three sections: Most Frequently Used Applications All Applications Actions A submenu in the KDE menu is marked by a small black arrow in the right-hand corner

    28. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 28 How to Identify KDE Desktop Components (continued)

    29. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 29 Use the GNOME Desktop Environment Both GNOME and KDE are comfortable desktop environments Like KDE, GNOME supports drag and drop Numerous programs are specifically designed for GNOME To use the GNOME desktop environment, you need to know the following: How to Start GNOME How to Navigate in GNOME How to Manage Icons in GNOME How to Use the GNOME File Manager (Nautilus)

    30. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 30 How to Start GNOME At login screen, select Session Type > GNOME from the Menu drop-down list

    31. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 31 How to Start GNOME (continued)

    32. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 32 How to Navigate in GNOME Top panel Applications menu for launching applications Actions menu for basic actions (such as logging out) The Nautilus file manager (house icon) The terminal emulation window (monitor icon) A clock A speaker icon for volume A menu listing all open windows Bottom panel An icon to close all open windows A task manager A pager for the four virtual desktops

    33. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 33 How to Navigate in GNOME (continued) Double-clicking an icon to start a program Set preferences for the desktop environment by selecting the Start Here icon To quit: Actions > Log Out in the GNOME panel

    34. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 34 How to Navigate in GNOME (continued)

    35. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 35 How to Manage Icons in GNOME You can find icons in the following three areas on your desktop: Desktop Panel Application Menu

    36. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 36 How to Manage Icons in GNOME: Desktop There are several ways to create a new icon on your desktop To create an icon for an application on your desktop, select the item in your Applications menu, drag it to a free space on your desktop, release the mouse button; then select Copy Here

    37. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 37 How to Manage Icons in GNOME: Panel You can add new programs to the control panel by right-clicking a free area of the panel and then selecting Add to Panel From the submenus displayed, select the application you want to add You can remove a program from the control panel by right-clicking its icon in the control panel and then selecting Remove from Panel You can move icons in the panel by holding down the right mouse button and selecting Move from the context menu

    38. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 38 How to Manage Icons in GNOME: Application Menu To add an entry to a menu, do the following: Double-click the Start Here icon on the desktop; the Start Here location appears In the file manager window, double-click the icon that represents the menu (Applications or Menu SuSE) to which you want to add the launcher Select File > Create Launcher; a Create Launcher dialog box is displayed Enter the properties of the launcher in the Create Launcher dialog box; then select OK

    39. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 39 How to Use the GNOME File Manager (Nautilus)

    40. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 40 How to Use the GNOME File Manager (Nautilus, continued)

    41. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 41 Exercise 2-2 Explore Your GNOME Desktop Whether you use KDE or GNOME is entirely a matter of personal preference The purpose of this exercise is to familiarize you with the GNOME desktop

    42. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 42 Access the Command-Line Interface from the Desktop Virtual terminals were created in Linux to allow a user to run tasks in parallel With virtual terminals, you can work in Linux as if you had several classic terminals available at the same time By default, you have six virtual terminals (F1–F6) running on your computer Press Ctrl + Alt + Fx to switch between individual terminals Press Ctrl + Alt + F7 to switch back to your GUI

    43. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 43 Access the Command-Line Interface from the Desktop (continued) You can determine the terminal currently being used from the tty (teletype) number (tty1–tty6) When you switch to a virtual terminal, a login prompt appears: Welcome to SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9 (i586) - Kernel 2.6.4-27- default (tty1). da10 login: To log out enter exit

    44. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 44 Access the Command-Line Interface from the Desktop (continued) Besides using the virtual terminals, you can start a terminal emulation (called Konsole) from your KDE desktop Kicker by selecting the icon shown below The terminal opens inside a window with options you can select to modify the display of the terminal

    45. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 45 Exercise 2-3 Access the Command Line Interface SLES 9 does not need a GUI for its administration Even with a graphical desktop environment running, you can switch to the text consoles any time if you like to This exercise shows you how

    46. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 46 Summary You can interact with a Linux system using a graphical user interface (GUI) or command-line interface The Linux GUI is provided by the X Window System, which consists of an X server, window manager, and client applications A desktop environment such as KDE or GNOME can be used to standardize the X Window System The KDE Control Panel at the bottom of the KDE desktop may be used to start applications, switch virtual desktops, or open the KDE menu

    47. Getting Started with Linux: Novell’s Guide to CompTIA’s Linux+ (Course 3060) 47 Summary (continued) The top panel in the GNOME desktop may be used to start applications, whereas the bottom panel may be used to switch virtual desktops or control applications You can obtain a command-line interface in SLES by interacting with one of six virtual terminals To switch from a command-line interface to a GUI interface, you can use the Ctrl + Alt + F7 key combination

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