Hydrogen: what needs for Research Infrastructures ?

1. Hydrogen: what needs for Research Infrastructures ? Paul Lucchese Hydrogen and Fuel cells program director Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

2. Hydrocarbon Methane Methanol Reforming Integrated reforming Biomass H2 Safety and normalisation CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 Internal reforming Water Hydro plant H2 Electrolysis Fuel cell Fossil energy Coal, gas, oil Thermal plant • Storage • high pressure • hydrides • micro-spheres • nanotubes • … Transportation water Renewable energies Thermochemical cycles Hydrogen Chain Nuclear plant Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

3. Compression Hydrogen Production Hydrogen Distribution&Delivery Liquefaction HYDROGEN Infrastructure: Supply Chain of H2 Transport pipeline Hydrogen revovery Technologies 1100 kms pipe Hydrogen Transport Transport routier Hydrogen Storage Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

4. Needs for Research Infrastructure:Existing FP6 project • Hydrogen production • Hytech, HI2H2, Innohyp-CA • Chrisgas, … • Hydrogen storage • STORHY • Hydrogen transport and distribution • Naturalhy • Hydrogen safety • Hysafe (NoE) Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

5. Energy Transformation for H2 production Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

6. Hydrogen Productionmature Processes • From fossil fuels: • Large existing SMR facilities and plants at industrial scale: no evident need for public Research Infrastructure • Small reformers and on board reforming: • Rather integrated in Fuel cells plat form test and facilities • CO2 capture and sequestration Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

7. Innovative processes • Processes for small scale production • Photo-electrochemical • Photobiological or fermentation • Efficient system with Small electrolysis (low temperature) : use of renewable energy • Needs: support strongly R&D projects and demonstration at small scale, network of excellence, exchange of researchers • Processes for medium/large scale production: • High temperature processes: thermochemical, high temperature electrolysis: solar, nuclear, geothermal • Biomass gasification • Large electrolysers: large renewable (wind, solar, geothermal), nuclear • Need for an european plat form Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

8. Hydrogen production : need for an european R&D Plat form supported strongly at european level for large size processes • High Temperature processes: need for common and open facilities and research center or network for: • Testing high temperature material • Severe environnement material studies (corrosion etc…) • Large Intermediate scale experiment ( typically 500 kW to 5MW power) to have representative experiments from physico-chemical and thermal point of view • Large scale processes: • Need for large scale facilities in order : • to study coupling effect between primary energy source and processes • To study design and reliability of system • To study industrial feasability • To study large storage system and others components • Biomass gasification for Biofuels and hydrogen production: need for a network and a coordinated R&D program through a few R&D plat form in Europe (Nordic countries, Germany, Franceat intermediate scale (typically: 1-10T/h) Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

9. Example of a possible component of a future R&D plat form Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

10. Important Links • Links with : • Solar plat form, facilities connected with GEN IV new nuclear reactor • Others materials plat form • IPHE expert groups • IEA activities (under Hydrogen Implementing Agreement) Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

11. Others needs in Hydrogen production • Facility more focussed on demonstration of feasability of systems for example large electrolyser (modular) • Could be coupled with a starting infrastructure • Objective: Upscaling effects studies from small size system (electrolysers…) • Different from Deployment project or Lighthouse projects!!! Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

12. Hydrogen storage • R&D facilities needed for: • Testing and qualify Hydrogen High pressure tank : hydraulic test, helium or hydrogen tests • Existing facilities in France, Germany but fragmented>>> need for a network • Collaboration between SME, industry and public test center • Need for a european public and open R&D center and facility for: • Very instrumented test benches dedicated to understanding of phenomena, developping new sensors and instrumentation • Link between material development (composite, nanomaterials, metallic) and system development • All type of size and technology: high pressure, solid storage and cryogenic storage • Devoted to a global approach Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

13. Hydrogen transport and distribution • Existing test facilities at small scale located in some companies (Germany, NL, France) • Example of Naturalhy project • Same need as hydrogen storage: • Common facility to test all type of H2 transport and distribution infrastructure and understand phenomena : • All mixture of H2 and Natural gas • All components: pipe, compressors, Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

14. Hydrogen safety • Numerous existing facilities in Europe for classical system • Hysafe identify these facilities: • Fire, bursting, accidental and incidental test facilies • Need to develop and coordinate common network from Hysafe NoE and new facilities linked with this network • Destructive testing of H2 components • Validation of comprehensive current codes • Testing program to develop data for design standarts for H2 storage systems • Consequence: needs to support different new facilities in Europe (example of an instrumented garage) but coordinated at european level with link with IPHE and IEA activities Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop

15. Conclusions: priorities on Hydrogen • European plat form for Hydrogen production processes for large scale production: tests components, materials, system, coupling effect with different energy sources at a significant scale • Plat form on R&D on storage and transport distribution issues more focussed on R&D and understanding phenomena • Going on and support integration of competences on H2 Safety with different facilities in Europe • Strong link to establish with IPHE and IEA Energy Research Infrastucture Workshop