What Did We See? & WikiGIS

1. What Did We See?& WikiGIS Chris Pal University of Massachusetts A Talk for Memex Day MSR Redmond, July 19, 2006

2. Research Questions • How do personal and community photo-journals and blogs interact?Spectrum from personal blogs – community portals (bliki’s) – Wiki articles (most public) User Interface & Social Computing Research • Can we ‘mine’ information in Blogs ?Find Blog entries that look like Wiki entries, extract information, encourage contributions?Document and Text Processing Research • What is the role of computer vision for location and object recognition?Can we use these methods to provide the user with relevant information?

3. Search Blogs and Wiki Entries

4. Questions About Observations

5. Search and Social Computing I Discover that my friend Justin also found an interesting mushroom Have I been here as well?

6. Object and Location Recognition 1. Object RecognitionFrom Images and Text 2. Location RecognitionFrom Images and Text

7. Conditional Random Fields • Information Extraction Example Named Entities (SFSM states) Binary Features Input Sequence OTHERPERSONOTHERORG TITLE … y y y y y t+2 t+3 t - 1 t t+1 . . . x x x x x t t +2 +3 t - t +1 t 1 said Ling a Microsoft VP … • Widely applicable, many positive results e.g. speech recognition • Fact Extraction (from Blogs and Wikis) • Address extraction 

8. Research Result - Training a CRF • Define the vector of feature values a time t • Define the global feature function as • The gradient of the conditional log likelihood Empirical expectation Model expectation, i.e.

9. Results: CRF Training Accuracy: Fixed: 85.7KL: 91.6Exact: 91.6 NetTalk text-to-speech: Linear-chain CRF training using sparse inference 75% less training time than exact training, with no loss in accuracy

10. SenseCam Enhanced Blogs Produce Lots of Data for Location Recognition

11. Multi-Conditional Learning • Motivation - Simple GMM Example Joint Conditional Multi-Conditional

12. Multi-Conditional Learning • One motivation: Conditional Random Fields can be derived from a traditional joint model • But, there are many other conditional distributions that could be defined • What do we gain if we model those as well? • Other combinations possible

13. Image Segmentation/Pixel Classification MSR Cambridge / Berkeley Data

14. Mixtures of Factor Analyzers • Generative model for simultaneous dimensionality reduction and clustering • We wish to obtain a discriminative version of this type of model discriminatively

15. Performance vs. Model Complexity Interesting ? Joint Optimization benefits more substantially from additional data.

16. Performance with More Data Training Set Accuracy Test Set Accuracy hmm…

17. Search Blogs of Friends

18. Detect and Find Expert Knowledge

19. Simple Exponential Family Models for Documents

20. Results: Document Classification

21. New Graphical Models for Email and Blogs • Scenario: Predict which friends might be interested in your new Blog entry - function - random variable - N replications PredictedRecipient y N The graph describes the joint distribution of random variables in term of the product of local functions xb xs xr Nb Ns Nr-1 Email Model:Nb words in the body, Ns words in the subject, Nr recipients Body Title FriendsWords Words discussed Nr • New Idea: Plated Factor Graphs

22. Detect Quality Content and Encourage Knowledge Contributions

23. Conclusions, Present & Future Work • WikiGIS – Merged Blogs, Blikis and Wikis with Microsoft Virtual Earth • Merge the SenseCam with a smart Phone- Enable Intelligent Digital Assistants - Output to the television • Next Steps: Location and object recognition enabling information retrieval • Other Uses: Assistive Technology for the Elderly

24. References & Results so Far • with Charles Sutton and Andrew McCallum. Sparse Forward-Backward using Minimum Divergence Beams for Fast Training of Conditional Random Fields. In proceedings of ICASSP 2006. • with Michael Kelm and Andrew McCallum. Combining Generative and Discriminative Methods for Pixel Classification with Multi-Conditional LearningTo appear in the proceedings of ICPR 2006. • with Andrew McCallum, Greg Druck and Xuerui Wang. Multi-Conditional Learning: Generative/ Discriminative Training for Clustering and ClassificationTo appear in the proceedings of AAAI 2006. • CC Prediction with graphical models To appear in the proceedings of CEAS 2006.