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Male Reproductive Anatomy

Male Reproductive Anatomy. Essential organs

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Male Reproductive Anatomy

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  1. Male Reproductive Anatomy

  2. Essential organs • testes (2) - one of the pair of male gonads that produce semen; suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cords; descend at 7 months in utero into the scrotum accompanied by an evagination of muscular and connective tissue of the body wall that suspend the testes • Accessory Organs • Genital ducts – send sperm to outside of body • epididymis (2) • vasa deferens (2) • ejaculatory duct (2) • urethra • Accessory Glands – produce secretions that nourish, transport and mature sperm • seminal vesicles (2) • prostate • bulbourethral (2) • Supporting structures • scrotum • penis • spermatic cords (2)

  3. Vas deferens Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum

  4. ________________________ Spermatogonia mitosis Primary spermatocytes meiosis Secondary spermatocytes meiosis Spermatids Spermatozoa (motile) epididymis

  5. Spermatozoa • ________________________ - resembles a toque which covers the upper portion of the head of the sperm. The covering contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg. • _________ – contains the 23 chromosomes (genetic material) capable of merging with an egg to produce a new individual. • ___________________ – connects the head of the sperm to the tail. It contains many mitochondria that produce ATP. This ATP is used to move the microtubules in the tail and create propulsion for the sperm. Once in the female system, sperm will "swim" for up to 2 days looking for an egg. • _____________- flagellum with microtubules. The microtublues within the tail move past each other and move the tail in a whip-like motion. ATP provided by the midpiece is required for this movement. Acrosome

  6. Male Reproductive Cycle • Organ development in utero; testes descend into scrotum ____________ birth • Reproductive function at puberty • __________________hormone levels stimulate final stages of development • Sperm production • Spermatogenesis mitosis meiosis spermatogonia primary spermatocytes secondary spermatocytes meiosis spermatids spermatozoa (motile) • Sperm • Produced in ____________________ ___________________when reach puberty • Spermatids mature to spermatozoa in ______________________ • There are about ___________million of those little guys in the average amount of semen produced each time a man ejaculates. • It takes_____weeks for a single soldier to reach maturity. • Mature sperm can live up to ____weeks in the epididymis • Healthy males produce about 70-150million sperm a_______

  7. Seminal Fluid (Semen) • Semen only contains about _____% sperm - the rest consists of enzymes, vitamin C, calcium, protein, sodium, zinc, citric acid and fructose sugar. • Produced from 3 glands • Seminal vesicle – _____% of seminal fluid • yellowish fluid rich in nutrients (fructose) • Prostate – _____% of seminal fluid • spongy, secretes milk, alkaline fluid • Bulbourethral – _____% of seminal fluid • thin, clear alkaline mucus that neutralizes pH of urine and lubricates

  8. Pathway of Sperm • Sperm travel from the _________ • to the ______________________where they mature • During ejaculation sperm travel up into the abdomen from the epididymis in the _____ ___________________to the ejaculatory ducts. • The ejaculatory ducts move semen into the _______________. Once in the urethra, semen (sperm now is bathed in the seminal fluid released from the various other reproductive structures) moves through the • _____________ gland and down to the urethral opening at the tip of the penis. • The seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands are not included in the path of sperm as they contribute to seminal fluid but do not have sperm moving through them at any time.

  9. Fertility • Factors: • sperm _______ • sperm _______ • sperm _______ • sperm ____________ • Infertility – caused by antibodies some men make against own sperm • Some things that may reduce sperm number and/or quality include: • alcohol, drugs, environmental toxins, including pesticides, smoking cigarettes, health problems, medicines, radiation treatment and chemotherapy for cancer, age • less than _____million/mL of semen

  10. Male Reproductive Hormones GnRH – gonadotropin releasing hormone LH – leutinizing hormone FSH – follicle stimulating hormone Hypothalamus GnRH Pituitary LH FSH Testes Testosterone Sperm • testosterone – secreted by ___________cells • develop and maintain ____________________ sex characteristics • regulate metabolism; known as ________________hormone • stimulates protein anabolism to promotes bone and muscle growth • early maturation leads to epiphyseal closure • late maturation, delayed epiphyseal closure • fluid and electrolyte metabolism • ________________ anterior pituitary secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH)

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