Name ___________________________ War in the Northeast / Magic Tree House / Pages 85-97

1. Name ___________________________War in the Northeast / Magic Tree House / Pages 85-97 Why were the German soldiers the King hired to help the British called “Hessians?” ________________________ What were the two advantages the colonists had over the British? 1. _____________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________ What nickname did the British give Washington after the Battle of Brooklyn? _________________________ How did Washington escape being surrounded by the British at Brooklyn? _____________________________ True or False: It took Washington and his men only one time to cross the Delaware River to surprise the Hessians. ______________ What was one obstacle the colonists faced in crossing the Delaware? ________________________________ According to this book, why were the British and Hessians surprised at Trenton? ________________________________ Finish this quote: “If wet powder is a problem, we shall use our ____________________.” Washington What battle was the turning point of the war, because other countries now realized that the colonists possibly could win? _______________________ Whose aid gave the colonists courage to keep fighting? _______________________ Which colonist received a nickname because of the aid she gave to colonists? __________________________ True or False: At Valley Forge there was an intense battle. _______________ State two obstacles colonists faced at Valley Forge. 1. ___________________________________ 2. ___________________________________ Which European loved America so much that when he died he wanted to be buried here? _________________________ Who trained the Continental Army as a tough drill sergeant? _______________________________

2. Middle Phase: A Event • The Battle of Brooklyn (also known as Long Island, New York): • General Howe and 30,000 British troops sail into New York Harbor. Because the Continentals had no navy, there was nothing they could do to stop the British ships from firing on the city. Washington tried to throw his entire 13,000 troops at the British but realized that was not smart (he would never do that again until the final battle!). After one day, Washington was down 4,000 men and trapped. In the middle of the night, he got boats and sailed across the East River to escape into Manhattan.

3. The Battle of Saratoga: • In the fall of 1777, American troops under General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold go up against British troops around Saratoga, New York. British troops under General John Burgoyne took back over Fort Ticonderoga and were trying to take over the Hudson River and cut off New England from the rest of the colonies. Unknown to Burgoyne, General Howe did not come to Saratoga to help him, but went to Philadelphia instead. Burgoyne was surrounded and had to surrender to the Americans. This was the turning point of the war.

4. Valley Forge: (not a battle!!!) • In the winter of 1777-1778, Washington settled his men 20 miles outside of Philadelphia in Valley Forge. They were low on supplies and food. There biggest enemy was the brutal winter. The British were living luxuriously in Philadelphia while the colonists were trying to stay warm and train. Baron Friedrich von Steuben arrived from Prussia to act as drill sergeant to Washington’s fledgling troops.

5. Foreign Help: • Besides von Steuben, other Europeans came to the colonies to help the Continental Army. After the Battle of Saratoga, countries like France, Spain, and Holland will help the Americans. Most notably, the Marquis de Lafayette arrived from France with soldiers, his own ship, and money. Bernardo de Galvez of Spain brought men and supplies to the fight. Ben Franklin was able to secure the promise of French soldiers and ships.

6. Foreign Help • Colonists received help from different European nations including France, Spain, and Germany. The Marquis de Lafayette from France brought his own ship, money, and soldiers. Bernardo de Galvez from Spain helped with men and supplies while Baron Friedrich von Steuben from Germany helped drill the troops.

7. Failed British Strategy • British had a plan to take over the Hudson River area and cut off the New England region of the colonies. General John Burgoyne and William Howe were involved. Problem was that Howe went to Philadelphia instead and Burgoyne was left by himself outside Saratoga, New York.

8. Turning Point • A failed British plan outside Saratoga, New York. It was a turning point because a Continental Win dashes the British plan to cut off New England. A victory also gives French aid to colonists.

9. Naval Hero • John Paul Jones will get vital victories for a fledgling Continental Navy. His Bonhomme Richard will defeat the much powerful British Serapis. This is the beginning of America’s career at sea.

10. Frontier Fighting • George Rogers Clark leads frontier militias as they battle British and Native Americans out west. They took over important British forts in Indiana and Illinois. Cahokia, Kaskaskia, and Sackville which will be renamed Vincennes were key Continental victories.

11. A Traitor • Benedict Arnold was once called the best general in America. Midway through the war, after not receiving credit for a battle victory, he betrayed the colonists for the British. He tried to give over plans for an important fort named West Point.