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Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) Objective 2 J.K. Ladha

Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) Objective 2 J.K. Ladha. Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia. Ecological Intensification. Hubs + Platform Inputs. ICRM (CA). Training/CCA. Farmer . Customized System Solutions. System Varieties R, W, M. Market. Policies.

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Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) Objective 2 J.K. Ladha

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  1. Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA)Objective 2J.K. Ladha

  2. Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia Ecological Intensification Hubs + Platform Inputs ICRM (CA) Training/CCA Farmer Customized System Solutions System Varieties R, W, M Market Policies Public – Private Partnership Development and Evaluation of Options Process Research Delivery

  3. CSISA-Objective 2 Outline • Background – Thinking • Activities 3. Site of Action, CS Targets 4. Experimental Platform – Design 5. Performance Target Indicators

  4. CSISA-Objective 2 Crop and Resource Management Practices for Sustainable Future Cereal Based System • Conservation Agriculture/RCT • Ecological Intensification

  5. Conservation Agriculture (CA) • CA promotes minimum disturbance of soil by zero or reduced tillage, balanced and crop need based application of chemical inputs, and skilful management of crop residues and wastes. Ecological Intensification (EI) • Evidence-based process of identifying best management practices for innovative crop production systems through high-quality scientific research and participatory evaluation. • Measurable indicators and corresponding reference values for productivity; profitability, resource efficiency, sustainability, ecological resilience and environmental performance.

  6. Underlined Assumption • Conservation tillage with other best practices can help meet the food demand, protect the environment and provide income to the farmer.

  7. Integrated Crop and Resource Management “Ecological Intensification” Crop Management NRM Conservation and efficient use of natural resources Productivity with optimal external inputs Variety Fertilizer Pesticides Labor Energy • Land • Leveling • Tillage / CE • Residue • Water • Climate Conservation Agriculture

  8. CSISA: Target Crop Rotations (8.05 Mha)

  9. Objective 2: Activities 2.2 Analyze and design principal choices for cereal systems and their management and breeding targets 2.3 Process research to design next generation of cereal system and long-term analysis – Experimental Plaform 2.4 Long-term performance analysis 2.5 Assessment of opportunities for livestock integration 2.1 Participatory adaptation and improvement of new technologies (those not yet ready for large scale dissemination).

  10. CSISA Objective 2.1 & 2.2 Minimally-tilled Dry Drill-Seeded Residue-Mulched Cereal Production System that are Efficient in Labor, Water, Energy, and N Fertilizer use Land Preparation / Crop Establishment System Tailored Genotypes Pest Management Residue Management Adaptation & improvement of ICRM/CA System Nutrient Management (SSNM) Water Management

  11. CSISA- Experimental Platforms • Timeframe: 10 years, with short- and medium-term objectives • Few but innovative, forward-looking food or food & energy production systems • High cropping intensity: 2 or more crops/year • Production scale technologies: large plots • Follow conservation agriculture principles and develop new ones • Full integration of elite germplasm • Dynamic best management practices • High-quality measurements • Multi-disciplinary teams • Capacity building

  12. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal ICAR Complex for Eastern Region, Patna Lahore, Pakistan BARI/BRRI Research Platform Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai CSISA – Delivery Hubs & Research Platforms Pakistan Nepal India Bangladesh

  13. Scenarios Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 Dummy Drivers of change Business as usual Increasing food demand Degrading soil, water and labor resources Increasing food demand and degrading soil, water and labor resources Diversification /nutrition Up-and-coming Experimental Platform- Concept and Design

  14. Conventional Rice System (Reference) Aerobic Rice System (Target) 200 >200 Intensive (dry and wet tillage / puddling) Minimal (reduced or no tillage) Transplanting Drill-seeding 40-60 70-80 0.25-0.3 0.32-0.35 3000-4000 2000-3000 18-24 30-40 >25 >50 70-80 70-80 2.52 2.0 L-M M-H 3500-4000 2500-3500 200-250 300-350 Yes No Yes Yes Performance Indicators and Targets L-M M-H

  15. EM Survey EM 31 • Under normal condition • Highest conductivity readings represent high clay content and low drainage • Elevated reading indicate potential saline condition • Low conductivity readings indicate relatively coarse textured soils and good drainage EM 38

  16. EM Survey: Karnal • Karnal Research Platform • Total survey area: 3.6 ha • Three management zones • EM38- horizontal and vertical;and EM 31-horizontal conducted • Conductivity range: 12 mS/m to 123 mS/m • Good correlation between EM 38 and EM 31 • North-western part has not been reclaimed and had high EM values • Total area was divided in 4 EM zones • Soil Samples upto 2 m depth collected from all zones • Analysis will be conducted at IRRI India central laboratory in Modipuram

  17. Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia Objective 2 Experimental Platform Major Activities: • Developing crop and resource management practices for sustainable future cereal based systems • Evaluating Weed Management Solutions For Zero Till Direct Seeded Rice • Systems and Nitrogen Use Efficient Crops to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia • Evaluation of rice varieties/hybrids under zero till and mechanized direct seeded condition

  18. Cropping System- Karnal CT-BCW CT-TPR Scenario 1 CT-TPR-ICRM (Mungbean straw incorporated) ZT-DSW (anchored stubbles ~15 cm rice) Scenario 2 ZT-DSMu (anchored stubbles ~10 cm wheat) ZT-DSMu (anchored stubbles ~10 cm wheat) ZT-DSMu (anchored stubbles ~10 cm wheat) ZT-DSR (Mungbean straw retention) Scenario 3 ZT-DSW (Full residue rice) ZT-DSMu (anchored stubbles ~30 cm wheat) ZT-DSM (Mungbean straw retention) Scenario 4 ZT-DSW (50% stubbles of maize)

  19. N0 P0 K0 NPK 100 m Layout of Research Platform Weedy plot Tube well Crop biomass Crop health Scenario 4 Weed plots Rep 1 Rep 1 Rep 1 Scenario 3 Farm Building Tube well Scenario 2 Scenario 1 Crop Health Scenario 3 Rep 2 Scenario 1 5 x 5m 5 x 3m Scenario 2 Weedy Weed free Scenario 4 Crop Biomass Scenario 3 Actual 50m 50m 50m Rep 3 Scenario 4 100 m Scenario 2 Scenario 1

  20. Details of Different Scenarios

  21. Data Recording • Crop health • Soil health • Environmental health (Green house gas studies) • Agronomic/Yield paraments • Input Efficiency • Water balance • Bench mark surveys • Weed dynamics and management • Economics • Crop, soil, water modelling • PhD student at each site

  22. Time and energy requirement under different scenarios for wheat sowing

  23. Weed Management in DSR: Karnal Karnal 2009 Cultivar: CSR-36 (135-140 days) Date of sowing: 19 June, 2009 Hand weeding: 35 DAS T1= Pendi (Pre) fb azim (post) T2= Pyrozosulfuron (pre) fb bispy (post) T3= Penoxsulam (post) T4= Bispyribac (post) T5= Fenoxaprop+azim (post) T6= Propanil + triclopyr (post) T7= Pendi (pre)+ sesbania co-culture T10= Bispy+azim (post) T11= weed free T12= Weedy

  24. DSR Varietal/ lines Screening (Obj. 3)- 2009

  25. Crop Establishment in different scenarios Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 4 Scenario 3

  26. Current Crop Rotation, Kharif 2010

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