3 rd Quarter SCIENCE Assessment

1. 3rd QuarterSCIENCE Assessment

2. 1) Earth’s core is made mostly of what substance? • (a) liquid silicon • (b) solid titanium • (c) liquid and solid iron • (d) liquid and solid carbon

3. 1) Earth’s core is made mostly of what substance? • (a) liquid silicon • (b) solid titanium • (c) liquid and solid iron • (d) liquid and solid carbon

4. 2) Earth’s plates move and sometimes collide, causing the folding of rock layers. Which feature is caused by the collisions of these plates? • (a) mountains • (b) rift valleys • (c) rolling plains • (d) ocean trenches

5. 2) Earth’s plates move and sometimes collide, causing the folding of rock layers. Which feature is caused by the collisions of these plates? • (a) mountains • (b) rift valleys • (c) rolling plains • (d) ocean trenches

6. 3) Which is the BEST description of the layer of Earth labeled A in the diagram below? • (a) contains hot liquid minerals • (b) composed of solid iron and nickel • (c) exposed to high temperature and • pressure • (d) made up of brittle, rocky, slow-moving plates

7. 3) Which is the BEST description of the layer of Earth labeled A in the diagram below? • (a) contains hot liquid minerals • (b) composed of solid iron and nickel • (c) exposed to high temperature and • pressure • (d) made up of brittle, rocky, slow-moving plates

8. 4) The manager of a park is concerned about an endangered species of bat. He decides to help the species by placing many bat houses in the woods, far away from the trails. The budget for buying the houses is small, so he would like to house as many bats as possible in one house. The table below shows the bat house designs available for him to buy. • Which design would be the BEST choice given the manager’s goals? • (a) design 1 • (b) design 2 • (c) design 3 • (d) design 4

9. 4) The manager of a park is concerned about an endangered species of bat. He decides to help the species by placing many bat houses in the woods, far away from the trails. The budget for buying the houses is small, so he would like to house as many bats as possible in one house. The table below shows the bat house designs available for him to buy. • Which design would be the BEST choice given the manager’s goals? • (a) design 1 • (b) design 2 • (c) design 3 • (d) design 4

10. 5) The graph below shows the distances and times that Enrique ran during the first part of a cross-country race. During which time interval of the race did Enrique run the fastest? • (a) from 0 to 25 seconds • (b) from 25 to 35 seconds • (c) from 35 to 55 seconds • (d) from 55 to 75 seconds

11. 5) The graph below shows the distances and times that Enrique ran during the first part of a cross-country race. During which time interval of the race did Enrique run the fastest? • (a) from 0 to 25 seconds • (b) from 25 to 35 seconds • (c) from 35 to 55 seconds • (d) from 55 to 75 seconds

12. 6) These fossils were found in rocks at the top of a mountain. Which of the following statements MOST LIKELY explains why these fossils were at the top of a mountain? • (a) The mountain was once in a desert. • (b) Prehistoric people carried the shells to the top of the mountain. • (c) Ocean sediments became rock and then were raised when the mountain formed. • (d) Birds carried these animals to the mountaintop where they eventually formed fossils.

13. 6) These fossils were found in rocks at the top of a mountain. Which of the following statements MOST LIKELY explains why these fossils were at the top of a mountain? • (a) The mountain was once in a desert. • (b) Prehistoric people carried the shells to the top of the mountain. • (c) Ocean sediments became rock and then were raised when the mountain formed. • (d) Birds carried these animals to the mountaintop where they eventually formed fossils.

14. 7) Which of these BEST describes how a sinkhole forms? • (a) Hot gases from magma melt the rock, causing the ground to collapse. • (b) Too much rock inside a cave dissolves, causing the cave’s roof to collapse. • (c) The sides of the riverbank are washed away, leaving a hole in the riverbank. • (d) Water is pumped out of the ground too quickly, causing the ground to collapse.

15. 7) Which of these BEST describes how a sinkhole forms? • (a) Hot gases from magma melt the rock, causing the ground to collapse. • (b) Too much rock inside a cave dissolves, causing the cave’s roof to collapse. • (c) The sides of the riverbank are washed away, leaving a hole in the riverbank. • (d) Water is pumped out of the ground too quickly, causing the ground to collapse.

16. 8) Which land feature is formed by two oceanic tectonic plates diverging? • (a) mid-ocean ridge • (b) volcanic island arc • (c) continental volcanoes • (d) continental mountain range

17. 8) Which land feature is formed by two oceanic tectonic plates diverging? • (a) mid-ocean ridge • (b) volcanic island arc • (c) continental volcanoes • (d) continental mountain range

18. 9) Computers are able to collect and analyze large amounts of data and organize it for further use. Which statement BEST describes how computers have affected the scientific community? • (a) They have made completing experiments more difficult. • (b) They have caused scientific theories to become more creative. • (c) They have made the results of science experiments less accurate. • (d) They have increased the amount of information available to scientists.

19. 9) Computers are able to collect and analyze large amounts of data and organize it for further use. Which statement BEST describes how computers have affected the scientific community? • (a) They have made completing experiments more difficult. • (b) They have caused scientific theories to become more creative. • (c) They have made the results of science experiments less accurate. • (d) They have increased the amount of information available to scientists.

20. 10) Which of these results in the formation of mountains? • (a) the collision of two continental plates • (b) the impact of an asteroid hitting the surface of Earth • (c) the deposition of sediment layers over millions of years • (d) the buildup of dust and rock particles from the original formation of Earth

21. 10) Which of these results in the formation of mountains? • (a) the collision of two continental plates • (b) the impact of an asteroid hitting the surface of Earth • (c) the deposition of sediment layers over millions of years • (d) the buildup of dust and rock particles from the original formation of Earth

22. 11) The diagram below shows different layers of Earth. Which of these BEST describes what the arrows in Layer 2 represent? (a) heat moving into the core (b) the movement of magma in the mantle (c) the release of lava in volcanoes on the crust (d) water cycling through the different Earth layers

23. 11) The diagram below shows different layers of Earth. Which of these BEST describes what the arrows in Layer 2 represent? (a) heat moving into the core (b) the movement of magma in the mantle (c) the release of lava in volcanoes on the crust (d) water cycling through the different Earth layers

24. 12) A city is building a new multi-story parking structure. Several designs for the structure have been proposed. Money spent on the parking structure cannot be used for other city needs. Which design would be the MOST REASONABLE choice given these constraints? (a) a design that is very safe, very attractive, and very expensive (b) a design that is inexpensive, moderately safe, and unattractive (c) a design that is very safe, moderately priced, and somewhat attractive (d) a design that is very attractive, moderately safe, and moderately priced

25. 12) A city is building a new multi-story parking structure. Several designs for the structure have been proposed. Money spent on the parking structure cannot be used for other city needs. Which design would be the MOST REASONABLE choice given these constraints? (a) a design that is very safe, very attractive, and very expensive (b) a design that is inexpensive, moderately safe, and unattractive (c) a design that is very safe, moderately priced, and somewhat attractive (d) a design that is very attractive, moderately safe, and moderately priced

26. 13) The “Ring of Fire” is a chain of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean. What created this pattern of volcanic activity? (a) oceanic plates colliding and sliding past each other (b) continental plates colliding and sliding past each other (c) oceanic plates colliding and subducting under continental plates (d) continental plates colliding and subducting under continental plates

27. 13) The “Ring of Fire” is a chain of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean. What created this pattern of volcanic activity? (a) oceanic plates colliding and sliding past each other (b) continental plates colliding and sliding past each other (c) oceanic plates colliding and subducting under continental plates (d) continental plates colliding and subducting under continental plates

28. 14) John is making a model of the Solar System for a science project at school. Which of the following should John keep in mind while constructing his model? (a) The model of Earth should be larger than the model of Jupiter. (b) The model of the Sun should be larger than the model of Earth. (c) The model of Earth should be larger than the model of the Sun. (d) The model of Jupiter should be larger than the model of the Sun.

29. 14) John is making a model of the Solar System for a science project at school. Which of the following should John keep in mind while constructing his model? (a) The model of Earth should be larger than the model of Jupiter. (b) The model of the Sun should be larger than the model of Earth. (c) The model of Earth should be larger than the model of the Sun. (d) The model of Jupiter should be larger than the model of the Sun.

30. 15) Eric wanted to find out the melting point of candle wax. He recorded the temperatures at which four candles melted. His observations are shown in the table below. Which statement is the MOST LIKELY explanation of why Eric observed different melting temperatures? (a) The candles were different colors. (b) The candles had different masses. (c) The candles had different volumes. (d) The candles were made of different types of waxes.

31. 15) Eric wanted to find out the melting point of candle wax. He recorded the temperatures at which four candles melted. His observations are shown in the table below. Which statement is the MOST LIKELY explanation of why Eric observed different melting temperatures? (a) The candles were different colors. (b) The candles had different masses. (c) The candles had different volumes. (d) The candles were made of different types of waxes.

32. 16) Professor Gallardo studies rocks. On one cliff, he found an older rock layer located above a younger rock layer. How did this situation MOST LIKELY occur? (a) Folding and faulting rearranged the rocks. (b) Molten rock spread out beneath existing rock. (c) The younger rocks sank by gravity below the older rocks. (d) The older rocks eroded more rapidly than the younger rocks.

33. 16) Professor Gallardo studies rocks. On one cliff, he found an older rock layer located above a younger rock layer. How did this situation MOST LIKELY occur? (a) Folding and faulting rearranged the rocks. (b) Molten rock spread out beneath existing rock. (c) The younger rocks sank by gravity below the older rocks. (d) The older rocks eroded more rapidly than the younger rocks.

34. 17) A great amount of soil is eroded from hilly areas during the rainy season. Which change is MOST LIKELY to occur as a result of soil erosion? (a) avalanche (b) earthquake (c) landslide (d) sinkhole

35. 17) A great amount of soil is eroded from hilly areas during the rainy season. Which change is MOST LIKELY to occur as a result of soil erosion? (a) avalanche (b) earthquake (c) landslide (d) sinkhole

36. 18) In the early nineteenth century, atoms were thought to be the smallest physical particles. Advancements in technology have shown that atoms contain smaller particles, such as electrons. Which of these is the BEST conclusion about scientific theories? (a) New scientific theories can improve on existing theories. (b) Scientific theories generally take hundreds of years to become correct. (c) Scientific theories are always misunderstood when they are first made. (d) New scientific theories always prove that existing theories are incorrect.

37. 18) In the early nineteenth century, atoms were thought to be the smallest physical particles. Advancements in technology have shown that atoms contain smaller particles, such as electrons. Which of these is the BEST conclusion about scientific theories? (a) New scientific theories can improve on existing theories. (b) Scientific theories generally take hundreds of years to become correct. (c) Scientific theories are always misunderstood when they are first made. (d) New scientific theories always prove that existing theories are incorrect.

38. 19) Which of these processes caused many of Earth’s mountain ranges to form? (a) an instant process of meteorites colliding with Earth’s surface (b) a slow process of tectonic plates colliding over millions of years (c) a rapid process of tectonic plates colliding over thousands of years (d) a gradual process of meteorites accumulating as Earth was formed

39. 19) Which of these processes caused many of Earth’s mountain ranges to form? (a) an instant process of meteorites colliding with Earth’s surface (b) a slow process of tectonic plates colliding over millions of years (c) a rapid process of tectonic plates colliding over thousands of years (d) a gradual process of meteorites accumulating as Earth was formed

40. 20) What do scientists think is the source of energy that causes the movement of Earth’s lithospheric plates? (a) energy radiating from the Sun (b) energy from Earth’s magnetic poles (c) energy from heat convection in the mantle (d) energy released by volcanoes and earthquakes

41. 20) What do scientists think is the source of energy that causes the movement of Earth’s lithospheric plates? (a) energy radiating from the Sun (b) energy from Earth’s magnetic poles (c) energy from heat convection in the mantle (d) energy released by volcanoes and earthquakes

42. 21) The following table shows the density for different layers of Earth at both the top and bottom of each layer. After examining this information, what two conclusions could be drawn from the data? (a) The density of Earth increases toward its center, and at the center is an inner core whose density cannot be accurately determined. (b) The density of Earth increases from the crust to the core, and the density jumps in value as each new layer is encountered. (c) The crust of Earth is less dense than the mantle, which is less dense than the core, and each layer has a uniform density. (d) The density of Earth increases from one side of the planet to the opposite side, and each layer is equally thick.

43. 21) The following table shows the density for different layers of Earth at both the top and bottom of each layer. After examining this information, what two conclusions could be drawn from the data? (a) The density of Earth increases toward its center, and at the center is an inner core whose density cannot be accurately determined. (b) The density of Earth increases from the crust to the core, and the density jumps in value as each new layer is encountered. (c) The crust of Earth is less dense than the mantle, which is less dense than the core, and each layer has a uniform density. (d) The density of Earth increases from one side of the planet to the opposite side, and each layer is equally thick.

44. 22) Beatrice is studying the effects of sediment deposits on river systems. Which factor directly contributes to the increase of sediments in rivers? (a) depth of the river (b) level of ground water (c) runoff from precipitation (d) evaporation from the soil

45. 22) Beatrice is studying the effects of sediment deposits on river systems. Which factor directly contributes to the increase of sediments in rivers? (a) depth of the river (b) level of ground water (c) runoff from precipitation (d) evaporation from the soil

46. 23) Look at the topographic map shown below. In which direction is water MOST LIKELY to flow on this landscape? (a) from point 1 to point 2 (b) from point 2 to point 3 (c) from point 2 to point 4 (d) from point 3 to point 4

47. 23) Look at the topographic map shown below. In which direction is water MOST LIKELY to flow on this landscape? (a) from point 1 to point 2 (b) from point 2 to point 3 (c) from point 2 to point 4 (d) from point 3 to point 4

48. 24) The San Francisco Bay area experienced a large earthquake in 1989. This earthquake occurred along the San Andreas Fault system. What causes earthquakes along this fault system? (a) the eruption of nearby volcanoes (b) a sudden movement of tectonic plates (c) the smooth movement of tectonic plates (d) a movement of the hot spot in the mantle

49. 24) The San Francisco Bay area experienced a large earthquake in 1989. This earthquake occurred along the San Andreas Fault system. What causes earthquakes along this fault system? (a) the eruption of nearby volcanoes (b) a sudden movement of tectonic plates (c) the smooth movement of tectonic plates (d) a movement of the hot spot in the mantle

50. 25) A student in a physical science class is studying the motion of two cars. The data are plotted in the graph below. What conclusion can be determined from the data revealed in this graph? (a) Car B is stationary while car A is moving. (b) Car A is always traveling faster than car B. (c) Car A changes its speed, while car B stays at a steady pace. (d) Car B travels in a straight line, while car A moves up and down a hill.