A Review Of Natural Ventilation Of Traditional Building In Hot Humid Region-South China

1. A Review Of Natural Ventilation Of Traditional Building In Hot Humid Region-South China MO Suicong1155022105

2. Contents 1. Background 2. Literature review 3. Natural ventilation system of Lingnantraditional architecture 4. Hot humid climatic region & Global planet winds system 5. Discussion & Conclusion

3. Background In hot humid region, most of modern building are completely copied which in temperate climatic area.( especially in South China) Natural ventilation of modern architecture is neglected and evaded in hot humid region. Temperate climatic area is birthplace of modern architecture. ( cool temperature in Summer, no need to use natural ventilation) High energy consumption and aggravate global warming issue. Development of air-condition. Most of the hot humid climatic regions are economic and science and technology relative backward areas. Review and study: The natural ventilation system of Lingnantaditional building (typical traditional architecture in South China) The characteristics of hot humid climatic region.

4. Literature review [1 ]Fatty Hassan. Natural energy and vernacular architecture: principles and examples with reference to hot arid climates. University of Chicago Press, 1986 [2] School of Architecture of Tsinghua University. Ecological Tactic of Architectural Design, Plan Publishing House of China, 2001 [3] Correa Charles M. Form follows climate. Architectural Record, 1980(7) [4] Zhao Qun. Research on the Ecological Experiences and Pattern Language of Traditional Residential Buildings. Xian: Xian university of architecture and technology, 2005 [5] Chen Jianxi. Shi Ying QiHou De Chuan Tong Min Ju. Sichuan Architectural, 2005,25 (6) [6] Chen Qigao, Tang Mingfang, Wang Gonglu. Xi LunZhongGuo Chuan Tong Jian Kang Jian Zhu. Chongqi university newspaper, 1996 (4) [7] Zhao Jingyuan, Liu Jiaping, Li Guohua, Resea- rch on summer thermal environmental of dwelling with courtyard, Journal of Northwestern Institute of Architectural Engineering, 2001(1) [8] Wang Zhiyi , Qu Bo, Liu Jiaping, A primary investigation of air environment in the yard, Building Science Research of Sichuan, 2003(1) [9] Wang Yi, Liu Jiaping, The Analysis of Thermal Environment Simulation Tools for Residential Buildings with Natural Ventilation, Building Energy & Environment, 2004(3) [10] Liu Jiaping, Zhang Jiliang, Huang TuGao Yuan Xin Yao Ju, Construction Science and Technology, 2004(19) [11] Liu Jiaping, Zhao Qun, Zhou Wei, Ecological Building Experiences in Chinese Traditional Dwell ings, New Architecture, 2005(4): 7-9 [12] Liu Jiaping, He Quan, Yang Liu, Yan Zengfeng, The New Genaration of Yaodong Cave Dwellings In Loess Plateau, Architecture & Culture, 2007(6):39-41 [13] Yang Liu, Liu Jiaping, Improvements of thermal environment of traditional Yaodong dwellings with solar enery, ActaEnergiae Solaris Sinica, 2003 (5):605-610 [14] Zhao Jingyuan, Shanxi Guanzhong Ting Yuan Shi Min Ju Xia Ji Re Huan Jing Yan Jiu, [15] Lin Borong, Tan Gang, Wang Peng, Song ling, Zhu Yingxin , QuGuangkui, Field study of thermal environment in Wannan traditional residential buildings in the summer, Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2002(8) [16] Li Xinfa, “Yi Ke Yin” De Huan Jing, Chinese Jiangong press, 1996 [17] XueJiawei, The Methods and Concepts Analysis of Shoujinliao’s Adaptation for Regional Climate in Quanzhou, Huaqiao university, 2003 [18] Lu Yuanding, Wei Yanjun, Guang Dong Chuan Tong Min JuJu Zhu Huan Jing Zhong De Tong Feng Jing Yan Yu Li Lun, South China university of technology press, 2002:150-163 [19] Lu Yuanding, Lingnan, Renwen, Xingge, Jianzhu, China architecture industry press, 2003 [20] Lu Yuanding, Study on the methods of Vernacular Dwellings Research though its Forming Rules, Architect, 2005(3) [21] Lu Yuanding, Guangzhou Chen Jia Si JiQiLingnanJian Zhu Te Se, South architecture, 1995(4) [22] Lu Yuanding, The ecological environment and its sustainable development of traditional county res-idence in Guangdong, Journal of Fujian College of Architecture & C.e., 2004(1) [23] Lu Yuanding, The Characteristics of Hakka House Dwelling in Meizhou:ItsInheritage and Development, South Architecture, 2008(2) [24] Lu Yuanding, Architectural Creation and Heritage of Regional Cultural, Huazhong Architecture, 2010(1) [25] Lu Qi, Guangdong dwelling, Chinese architecture industry press, 2008 [26] Lin Qibiao, Guangzhou Di Qu Zhu Zhai Shi Nei Re Huan Jing Yan Jiu, South architecture, 1990(1) [27] Lin Qibiao, Creatcomfortalbe indoor climatic environment, Interior Design Construction, 1994(3) [28] Lin Qibiao, On the improvement of the residential building environment and the problem of enery conservation in South China architecture, Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science), 1997(1) [29] Lin Qibiao, The architectureal view of sustainable development of human settlement environment, Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science), 1999(10) [30] Lin Qibiao, Ya Re Dai Jian Zhu : QiHou, Huan Jing, Jian Zhu ,Guangdong science press, 1997 [31] Lin Qibiao, Lin Yan, Zhao Weiwei, Zhu ZhaiRenJuHuan Jing She Ji, South China university of technology, 2001 [32] Lin Pusi, Guangzhou Di QuJu Zhu Jian Zhu Zi Ran Tong Feng She Ji Tan Tao, Guangzhou: South Ching university of technology, 1988 [33] Li Ming, Fo Shan Dong Hua Li Qing Dai Min Ju Re Huan Jing Yan Jiu, Tianjing: Chinese Jiangong press, 1996 [34] Tang Guohua, The “Tianrenheyi” of the Traditional Linnan Architecture, Journal of Guangzhou University, 2001(5) [35] GaoYunfei, Natural Ventilation of Modern Residences in Rural Area in Guangdong Meishan City, Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2012(15) [36] XieHao, Zhu Tong Wu De Re,Guang Wu Li Huan Jing Pou Xi, Housing Science, 2001(10):45-46 [37] XieHao, Ge Re Tong Feng De Zhu Tong Wu, Builders’ Monthly, 2003(11) [38] Lin Tao, Research on Ecotechnique Experiences and Interior Physical Environmental Control Technologies of Guibei Folk Houses, Xian: Xian university of architecture and technology, 2004 [39] Chen Haishu, Natural Ventilation of Green building in Global Hot Humid Region, Zhan Shi ShuJu press, 2009(3) [40] Tang Guohua, Lingnan hot humid clmate and tradition architecture, China architecture industry press, 2005(6) [41] Wei Yang, Guoqiang Zhang, Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned buildings in humid subtropical climate zone in China. 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5. Basic concepts • 4. Lingnan architecture • South China, can also be called ‘lingnan region’. • ‘Lingnan architecture’ can often be understood in the flowing two ways: • The building which located in Lingnan region means Lingnan architecture. • 2. The building which has the unquecharacteristics of traditional style and adapts to theLingnan’s natural envrionmental features can be thought that Lingnan architecture is. 1. Hot humid region Hot humid region, where is indicated those loacted in the east coast, island areas, or numbers of high hill groups areas and the damp areas easy to rain as their terrain. • 2. Global planet winds • 1.Envelope zone, 2.Prevailing westerlies 3. Base easterlies • 5.Wind pressure ventilation and thermal natural ventilation • The wind pressure ventilation is an air flow phenomenon which due to the rising of the windward’s air pressure and dropingof the leeward’s air pressure, resulting in differential pressure and forming air flow from windward to leeward. • The thermal natural ventilation is an air flow phenomenon which due to the density difference made by air temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, resulting in differential pressure and forming hot air flow that hot air rising and cool air droping. • 3. Climatic architecture • Climatic Architecture is a baffle which react environmental climatic element and earth’s element. It is the architec- ture which has climatic performance .

6. Natural ventilation system of Lingnan traditional architecture Air intake Air flue Air outlet Air vent (Air intake + Air outlet) Air flue Door Window Yard Cold lane Corrider Hall Room Stair

7. Natural ventilation system of Lingnan traditional architecture Air vent—yard The yard shapes as tubular commonly and it is thought as a vent connected outdoor and architecture. Because the inside of yard suffers less solar direct gain, it is easy to create an shady and cold interior environment for the building. Due to the actively free convection inside the yard, resulting in rising of hot air, thermal natural ventilation is formed when the outdoor temperature higher than the yard inside. Thermal natural ventilation

8. Natural ventilation system of Lingnan traditional architecture Air vent—door, window Transom window . Because the transom window is near the ridge, the opening is higher than which of front-yard and back-yard, and it usually be the leeward of prevailing wind, stay at negative pressure, it play the role as air outlet whatever in the situation of wind pressure ventilation or thermal natural ventilation. In aspect of door’s type, Lingnan traditional dwelling always set a batten door in front of the gate which called Tanglong Door. When in hot summer, Lingnan dwelling keeps the gate open and batten door close, not only create air movement for interior, but also ensure security. When the gate is closed Tanglong Door

9. Natural ventilation system of Lingnan traditional architecture Air flue—Cold lane, corrider ‘Lengxiang’ For early buildings with outside corridor, wind enters from upper part of outside corridor door, coming out from the lower part of it. For mid-term architecture with outdoor corridor and scuttle or latter building with outdoor corridor and courtyard style, wind goes from scuttle or yard into the building and discharges from the corridor door. It can be said that the direction of the wind pressure ventilation and thermal natural ventilation is opposite. Cold lane space is the main channel of indoor air flue. It’s the effective series of space for the whole house, providing necessary conditions for the wind pressure ventilation or cross ventilation of indoor drafts. The outdoor cold lane also creates thermal natural ventilation. Corrider Arcade

10. Natural ventilation system of Lingnan traditional architecture ‘Three rooms two corriders’ dwelling The power of wind group is not strong enough to motivate the ventilation, so the heat pressure brought by the yard makes up the weakness of the wind pressure. The most active air inside the yard drives the air convection of the hall which lacks of wind pressure ventilation. But the air movement in the room of both sides is still slow.

11. Natural ventilation system of Lingnan traditional architecture ‘Bamboo box house’ dwelling The yard is deeper and narrower, which leads to a larger difference of vertical temperature and a more strong heat pressure. When it is located in the middle of the house, it can improve the ventilation condition of the bedroom next to it directly. The cold lane is the main channel of the indoor ventilation, and the ‘funnelling’ is benefit to it by speeding up the air exchange.

12. Natural ventilation system of Lingnan traditional architecture courtyard dwelling The openness to the courtyard is importance, especially to the functional spaces like lobby and bedrooms. To these rooms, the wind pressure ventilation is more effective than the thermal natural ventilation. Moreover, the influence of the courtyard air exchange, especially the wind cause by plants and water, is rather obvious towards them.

13. Hot humid climatic region & Global planet winds system According to global planet winds system, global climate can be divided into: (1) trade winds with dry, hot & humid and composite style; (2) warm trade winds with warm & humid type, the Mediterranean type; (3) cold easterlies type and other 5 types. South China is hot humid climatic region with frequent typhoon. Basically, in hot humid monsoon (typhoon) zone, summer monsoon can increase the airflow, improving comfort, but with small wind. Winter wind is cold, dry and strong, easily leading to the wind-chill effect. It has an adverse effect on the thermal comfort. The wind pressure of typhoon is higher, not only with no value but also of a destructive effect. The defense must be made to reduce wind pressure destruction. The architectural ventilation design in hot humid planet monsoon and typhoon winds region is complex. Therefore the following aspects must be considered. The control of atmospheric temperature and humidity on human thermal comfort. The control of monsoon, terrain wind, land and sea wind on human thermal comfort. The control of flooding, drainage, water shortage caused by seasonal rainfall. The control of large flood, mudslide happened with typhoon. The control of the destructive power of strong wind pressure when typhoon occurs. With all the above points considered, the Purpose of energy saving, carbon reduction and thermal comfort environment can be achieved.

14. Discussion & Conclusion In summary, when the architects design the strategies of architectural ventilation in hot humid region-South China, it will make the whole architecture design perfectly and sciencely not only use the natural ventilation system of Lingnan traditional architecture for reference, but also add up the comprehension and study of global planet winds system concept. The hot humid climatic ventilation design becomes more complex, because of the planet winds system’s diversity, and take full advantage of it. However, thanks to the process of technology of automatic control and intelligent system in recent years, it will be easy to solve the technical problems as long as making the correct direction in using complex natural ventilation design for modern building’s construction in South China. As a result, the design of sustainable green architecture is more convenient to perfect.

15. THANK YOU ! The End