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Lecture 7: Direct3D Basics (I)

Lecture 7: Direct3D Basics (I). Prof. Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology. DirectX 8. DirectX 9. DirectX 10. DirectX 9.0c. SM 4.0. SM 3.0. SM 2.0. SM 1.x. GeForce 6. GeForce 8. GeForceFX. GeForce3.

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Lecture 7: Direct3D Basics (I)

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  1. Lecture 7: Direct3D Basics (I) Prof. Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

  2. DirectX 8 DirectX 9 DirectX 10 DirectX 9.0c SM 4.0 SM 3.0 SM 2.0 SM 1.x GeForce 6 GeForce 8 GeForceFX GeForce3 DirectX and GPU (Nvidia-centric) History DirectX 7 DirectX 6 Multitexturing T&L DirectX 5 Riva TNT GeForce 256 Riva 128 (NV4) (NV10) (NV20) (NV30) (NV40) Cg DirectX 2 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1996 686 million Transistors 1.5GHz NVidia’s response to Voodoo2 3dfx demise 3dfx’s first Voodoo chip (G80) 2006 Adapted from David Kirk’s slide

  3. Direct3D Overview • An Application Programming Interface for 3D • “HAL device type” provides hardware independence and makes apps compatible • SOFTWARE_VERTEX_PROCESSING (T&L done in CPU) • HARDWARE_VERTEX_PROCESSING (T&L done by GPU) • MIXED_VERTEX_PROCESSING • “REF device type” (Reference Rasterizer) supports the entire D3D using emulation for debugging purposes • E.g., use pixel shader on GPU that does not support pixel shader • Need to install D3D SDK HAL Direct3D API 3D Apps GPU REF

  4. Provide Hardware Independence to the upper layers d3d->CreateDevice(.. D3DDEVTYPE D3DDEVTYPE_HAL BehaviorFlags: D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING Provided by Graphics Hardware Vertex Processing Pixel Processing Programmable Shaders Hardware Abstraction Layer CreateDevice( Adapter, DeviceType, HWND hWnd, BehaviorFlags, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS PresentParameters, IDirect3DDevice9 **ReturnDeviceInterface );

  5. WinMain() registerClass(&wc) While (TRUE) { if (PeekMessage(..)) { /* Event Processing */ TranslateMessage(); DispatchMessage(); } else { /* D3D Game Loop */ render_a_frame(); } } clean_D3D(); hWnd = CreateWindow(…) D3d = Direct3DCreate9(…) D3d->CreateDevice(…, &D3dpp, &gd3dDevice) init_graphics(); init_lighting(); Initialization phase The Big Picture

  6. Win32 Programming • Initialize your program in WinMain() • hInstance: a handle for this application • hPrevInstance: for pre-32 bit apps that use the same address space for the same app • lpCmdLine: Command line arguments • nCmdShow: control appearance of a window, we will not use this int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow);

  7. Main message handler of the program Create A Window • Create the Window Class by registering wc class • Create a Window using CreateWindow() • Return a handle for this newly created window wc.lpfnWndProc = MainWndProc; wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; ... ... registerClass(&wc); hWnd = CreateWindow(NULL, L"WindowClass”, L"First D3D Program”, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, 300,400, NULL, NULL, hInstance,NULL );

  8. Event Queue PeekMessage() • Key Pressed (Enter) • Mouse moved (Loc) • Window resized (size) • … TranslateMessage() DispatchMessage() Process Message Continue Handling Windows Events and Messages MainWinProc() Message Recognized? Adapted from Chris Hanson’s page

  9. Initialize Direct3D Object CreateDevice( Adapter, DeviceType, HWND hWnd, BehaviorFlags, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS PresentPara, IDirect3DDevice9 **RtrnDevInterface ); • Acquire an IDirect3D9 interface • Fill in D3D structure parameters (next slide) • Create d3d device IDirect3D9* D3d=0; D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS D3dpp; IDirect3DDevice9* gd3dDevice=0; D3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION); D3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &D3dpp, &gd3dDevice, );

  10. Example of Filling D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS • Define basic property of d3d object instance • There are more parameters you can specify • Check msdn.microsoft.com for all parameters D3dpp.Windowed = False; // Window mode D3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; D3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd; // Window handle D3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8; D3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH; D3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT; D3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1; // Typically 1 D3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;

  11. Device Capabilities IDirect3D9* D3d=0; D3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION); D3d->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps); if (caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT) devBehaviorFlags |= D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING else devBehaviorFlags |= D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; D3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, devBehaviorFlags, &D3dpp, &gd3dDevice, ); • Check what are supported on your graphics hardware

  12. Basic D3D Function Call Loop • Clear screen to nothing every frame • BeginScene() and EndScene() enclose the rendering of one frame • Present() presents the content of the next buffer While (TRUE) { gd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, // initialize z buffer (0, 1) 0 // for stencil buffer ); gd3dDevice->BeginScene(); . . . . gd3dDevice->EndScene(); gd3dDevice->Present(0, 0, 0, 0); }

  13. Clean D3D States • Release all COM objects prior to exiting the program While (TRUE) { ... ... .. } texture->Release(); vertex_buffer->Release(); ... ... .. gd3dDevice->Release(); D3d->Release();

  14. WinMain() registerClass(&wc) While (TRUE) { if (PeekMessage(..)) { /* Event Processing */ TranslateMessage(); DispatchMessage(); } else { /* D3D Game Loop */ render_a_frame(); } } clean_D3D(); hWnd = CreateWindow(…) D3d = Direct3DCreate9(…) D3d->CreateDevice(…, &D3dpp, &gd3dDevice) init_graphics(); init_lighting(); Initialization phase The Big Picture

  15. First Direct3D Example Hello Direct3D (See Demo in Visual Studio) Note that: DirectX 9.0 SDK Required

  16. D3DXVectors • Various types • D3DXVECTOR3 vec(x, y, z) • D3DXVECTOR4 vec(x, y, z, w) • D3DX provides several common vector functions • float D3DXVec3Dot(D3DXVECTOR3*, D3DXVECTOR3*) • D3DXVec3Cross(D3DXVECTOR3 *cross, D3DXVECTOR3 *v1, D3DXVECTOR3 *v2) • D3DXVec3Normalize(D3DXVECTOR3 *out, D3DXVECTOR3*) • float D3DXVec3Length(D3DXVECTOR3*)

  17. D3DXVector Code Example SimpleVectors (See Demo in Visual Studio)

  18. D3DX Matrix • D3DXMATRIX (4x4) • D3DX provides several common matrix manipulations • D3DXVECTOR4 *D3DXVec4Transform (1x4 * 4x4) • D3DXMATRIX *D3DXMatrixMultiply • D3DXMatrixInverse • D3DXMatrixTranspose • D3DXMatrixIdentity

  19. D3DXMATRIX Example SimpleMatrix (See Demo in Visual Studio)

  20. Create Vertex Buffer • Create a container for allocating vertices Struct Vertex { D3DXVECTOR3 pos; } IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* v_buffer; gd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 3* sizeof( Vertex ), 0, // usage 0, // flexible vertex format D3DPOOL_MANAGED, // indicate buffer in video mem &v_buffer, 0); // reserved, not used

  21. Access Vertex Buffer • Obtain a pointer to the vertex or index buffer • Need to unlock() them when done IDirect3DVertexBuffer9::Lock( UINT OffsetToLock, UINT SizeToLock, BYTE** ppbData, // return a ptr to the locked mem DWORD Flags); Vertex* vertices; v_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&vertices, 0); vertices[0] = VertexPos(-1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f); vertices[1] = VertexPos( 0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f); vertices[2] = VertexPos( 1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f); v_buffer->Unlock();

  22. Preparing to Draw Stream source id IDirect3DDevice9::SetStreamSource( UNIT StreamNumber, IDirect3DVertexbuffer9* pStreamData, UINT OffetInBytes, UINT Stride); Vertex buffer Offset from the start of the stream Size of each element in the vertex buffer

  23. DrawPrimitive Method Point, line, trianglelist IDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitive( D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType, UINT StartVertex, UINT PrimitiveCount); Index to the element in the vertex buffer The number of primitives to draw Example gd3dDevice->SetStramSource(0, v_buffer, 0, sizeof(VertexPC)); gd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 3);

  24. DrawPrimitve Example DrawFirstTriangle (See Demo in Visual Studio)

  25. Create Indexed Vertex Buffer IDirect3DIndexBuffer9* Index_buffer; gd3dDevice->CreateIndexBuffer( 36* sizeof( WORD ), // x86 word D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, // usage D3DFMT_INDEX16, // 16-bit indices D3DPOOL_MANAGED, // indicate buffer in video mem &Index_buffer, 0); // reserved, not used • To eliminate the repetitive definition of vertices • Use a vertex buffer to store unique vertices • Use an index buffer to store Index

  26. DrawIndexedPrimitive Method (Recommended) Point, line, trianglelist IDirect3DDevice9::DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType, UINT BaseVertexIndex, UNIT MinIndex, UNIT NumVertices, UNIT Start Index, UINT PrimitiveCount); Used as an offset for drawing same index buffer for a different vertex patch Min vertex index used relative to BaseVertexIndex Number of vertices First Index Number of Primitives Example // Draw a tetrahedron gd3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0, v_buffer, 0, sizeof(VertexPC)); gd3dDevice->SetIndices(i_buffer); gd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12);

  27. Indexed Vertex Structure v_buffer->Lock(0,0,(void*)&v, 0); v[0] = VertexPos(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); v[1] = VertexPos(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); v[2] = VertexPos( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); v[3] = VertexPos( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); v[4] = VertexPos(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); v[5] = VertexPos(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); v[6] = VertexPos( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); v[7] = VertexPos( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); v_buffer->Unlock(); V[5] V[6] V[1] V[2] V[4] V[7] Index_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&k, 0); k[0] = 0; k[1] = 1; k[2] = 2;// Front face k[3] = 0; k[4] = 2; k[5] = 3; k[6] = 4; k[7] = 6; k[8] = 5;// Back face k[9] = 4; k[10] = 7; k[11] = 6; k[12] = 4; k[13] = 5; k[14] = 1; // Left face k[15] = 4; k[16] = 1; k[17] = 0; k[18] = 3; k[19] = 2; k[20] = 6; // Right face k[21] = 3; k[22] = 6; k[23] = 7; k[24] = 1; k[25] = 5; k[26] = 6; // Top face k[27] = 1; k[28] = 6; k[29] = 2; k[30] = 4; k[31] = 0; k[32] = 3; // Bottom face k[33] = 4; k[34] = 3; k[35] = 7; Index_buffer->Unlock(); V[0] V[3]

  28. DrawIndexedPrimitive Method Index Buffer Vertex Buffer 0 MinIndex 1 2 3 NumVertices 78 Start Index 26 25 25 26 27 27 25 28 27 28 gd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 29, 78, 2);

  29. Tips • Remember to add these libraries in linker input dependencies d3d9.lib d3dx9.lib dxguid.lib dinput.lib dinput8.lib dxerr9.lib • Or have the following in the source code #pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "dxguid.lib") … … …

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