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Republic of Slovenia

Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. Republic of Slovenia. 3 r d Review Meeting Vienna, May 200 9. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW. Introduction – Basic information on the Slovenian Nuclear Programme

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Republic of Slovenia

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  1. Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management Republic of Slovenia 3rd Review Meeting Vienna, May 2009

  2. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW • Introduction – Basic information on the Slovenian Nuclear Programme • Brief presentation of the National Report • Conclusions • General response to questions

  3. Introduction – Slovenian Nuclear Programme • Brief presentation of the National Report • Conclusions • General response to questions

  4. LILW repository - operational in 2013 On site storage and ultimate geological disposal – 50 years On site wet storage at NPP Dry storage, then disposal or export Decommissioning Fund (Levy from kWh) LILW repository - operational in 2013 Decommissioning Fund (Levy from kWh) On site storage Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste, then transfer to LILW repository LILW repository - operational in 2013 Users and state Central Interim Storage for Radioactive waste LILW repository - operational in 2013 Decommissioning Fund (Levy from kWh) Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste then transfer to LILW repository LILW repository - operational in 2013 or with high level waste Users and state Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste Summary of basic information Type Long Term Management Policy Funding Current Practice / Facilities Planned Facilities Spent Fuel Nuclear Fuel Cycle Waste Application Wastes Decommiss-ioning Liabilities Disused Sealed Sources

  5. Waste generators

  6. The Krško NPP • Major producer of radioactive waste in Slovenia • PWR two loops Westinghouse design • 700 MWe • 24th fuel cycle • Joint project of Slovenia and Croatia • Start of the construction: 1974 • First criticality and connection to the grid: 1981 • Commercial operation: 1983 • Design life time 40 years, probably extended

  7. The Krško NPP • All LILW radioactive waste and spent fuel stored within the plant area, capacities nearly exhausted • Spent nuclear fuel stored in the spent fuel pool, re-racked in 2003, sufficient until end of design life time and beyond

  8. TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor • Part of Jožef Stefan Institute Reactor Centre • 250 kWt General Atomic open pool type, • Start in 1966, • In 1991 re-licensed for pulse mode operation • Shall terminate the operation in 2016 • No spent fuel on site (return of spent fuel to U.S. in 1999) • Minor amount of LILW • Hot laboratory as an integral part since early 2008 (licensed for treatment of RW from small producers)

  9. The Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste in Brinje • Storage of low and intermediate level radioactive waste from medical, industrial and research applications • Constructed in 1984, • Operational since 1986 • Refurbished in 2004 • Two and a half years of trial operation • Operating license in early 2008

  10. Žirovski Vrh Uranium Mine • Operation from 1984 to 1990, • Lifetime production 610,000 tons, • 452.5 tons U3O8 equivalent of yellow cake • In 1990 the decision to close • Mine and Mill decommissioned • Mine waste pile remediation completed • Mill tailings remediated

  11. Governmental Organizations • Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration (1987) • Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration (2003) • Agency for Radwaste Management (1991) • Public Enterprise Žirovski vrh Mine (1992) • Fund for the decommissioning of the Krško NPP (1995)

  12. Governmental Policy • Resolution on the National Energy Programme • Resolution on the National Programme for Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management (2006-2015) • Agreement between Slovenia and Croatia on Krško NPP • Decommissioning Plan for the Krško NPP

  13. Introduction – Slovenian Nuclear Programme • Brief presentation of the National Report • Conclusions • General response to questions

  14. Issues raised at the 2nd Review Meeting • Implementation of Agreement with Croatia • Proceeding • Siting, design and licensing of the LILW repository • Public acceptance pending • Continue to seek solution to geological disposal • Continuing • Characterisation of waste in Central Interim Storage Facility • Completed • Hot cell refurbishment • Completed and licensed • Uranium Mine – waste pile final remediation • Completed

  15. Main Novelties since the 2st Report • Characterisation of historical waste stored in CISF completed • Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste licensed • Hot Cell Laboratory licensed • Licence for remediation work at Boršt waste pile (upgrading mill and mine tailings safety) • Progress in siting of LILW repository • The Decommissioning Plan is under revision • 10 fresh fuel elements and 500kg of yellow cake sold to AREVA

  16. Spent Fuel Management Policy NPP Krško • Dry storage for SF: • construction 2024 - 2037 • operation 2037 – 2070 • Looking for regional or global solutions • Disposal of SF in Slovenia • beginning of site characterization 2035 • beginning of construction 2055 • After storage period disposal in Slovenia or export

  17. Spent Fuel Management Policy Research Reactor • Stop operating in 2016, • Return SF to U.S. by 2019

  18. Spent Fuel Management Practices - Krško NPP • Spent fuel pool for 1694 fuel assemblies, made of reinforced concrete, covered with SS liner, leak detection system • Water purification system, < 18.4 x104 Bq/cm3 • Criticality analysis design basis criterion, keff+3< 0.95 • Average burn-up 45.9 GWd/MTU • Re-racked in 2003

  19. Spent Fuel Management Practices – Research Reactor • Two spent fuel pools, both empty • Newer spent fuel pool is operational with capacity of 195 spent fuel elements • Made of reinforced concrete, covered with SS liner, on-line water radioactivity monitoring

  20. Radioactive Waste Management Policy • Responsibility for LILW management: • Producers, • State-owned public service (ARAO) • According to 2002 Act • Site for LILW repository - approved by 2008 • Repository - operational 2013

  21. RAW Management Practices – The Central Interim Storage for Radwaste • Operational since 1986, first operator Institute J. Stefan • Transferred to Agency for Radwaste Management in 1999 • “Polluter pays” principle since 2000 • Refurbishment finished in 2004 • Beginning of trial operation in 2005 • Operating license in early 2008

  22. RAW Management Practices – Žirovski Vrh Uranium Mine • Two permanent waste disposal sites: • Jazbec mine waste pile (SAR approved, remediation completed) • Boršt mill tailings site (SAR approved) • Underground mine closed • Ore processing plant decommissioned • Contaminated waste materials from decommissioning disposed on Jazbec mine waste pile • Geomechanical stability problem of Boršt mill tailings addressed in SAR

  23. RAW Management Practices – Krško NPP • Radioactive Waste Management Programme • Radioactive Waste Committee at Krško NPP • Radioactive waste treatment and conditioning: gaseous, liquid and solid radioactive waste processing systems • Radioactive waste volume reduction programme: • Two super compaction campaigns, • Four incineration and melting campaigns • In-Drum Drying System • Installation of supercompactor on site • 18-month fuel cycle • PSR accomplished in 2004 => waste storage operation is appropriately addressed

  24. RAW Management Practices – Small Producers • Jožef Stefan Institute: • Solid radwaste transferred to Central Interim Storage for Radwaste • Industry and Research: • ~90 different organisations, • 800 sealed radioactive sources, • Spent and disused sources shipped to Central Interim Storage for Radwaste • Medicine: • 7 hospitals, • Decay storage tanks at Institute of Oncology, • Short lived radioactive waste stored at users’ locations, • After decay transferred to the municipal disposal site

  25. Inventories and Lists Krško NPP • Spent fuel • 872 assemblies • 18-months fuel cycle (since 2004) • LILW • 3,685 drums, 2,174 m3, 1.93x10+13 Bq • Other • 2 steam generators and other bulky items

  26. Inventories and Lists

  27. Inventories and Lists

  28. Inventories and Lists Research Reactor TRIGA Mark II • Spent fuel • All returned to U.S. in 1999, with option to return the rest by 2019 • Other waste • Various items, mainly contaminated laboratory equipment and tools (annual discharge rate ~1 m3 ) are transferred to Central interim storage facility

  29. Inventories and Lists Žirovski Vrh Uranium Mine • Jazbec Mine Waste Pile • Total 1,198,800 m3 (mine waste, red mud, filter cake from mine water treatment station, soil and ruins from uranium ore processing plant) • Total activity of disposed material 21.7 TBq • Boršt Mill Tailings • Total 409,000 m3 (mine waste, mill tailings) • Total activity of storage material 48.8 TBq

  30. Inventories and Lists Central Interim Storage for Radioactive Waste • Status at the end of 2007: • 305 drums • 210 special bulky items • 333 spent sealed sources (60Co, 137Cs, 85Kr, 90Sr) • Total activity app. 3,600 GBq • Status at the end of 2008 (after characterisation) • 345 drums • 31 special bulky items • 82 spent sealed sources (60Co, 137Cs, 85Kr, 90Sr) • Total activity app. 3,650 GBq

  31. Inventories and Lists Isotopic Laboratory of the Institute of Oncology • LLW is packed in 60 l barrels - decay storage • Sealed sources (Co, Ir, Ra) - Central Interim Storage • Liquid radioactive waste (faecal sludge) is collected in decay storage tanks and released into the hospital sewage system after about half a year

  32. Legislative and Regulatory Framework Safety of spent fuel and radioactive waste management: • Act on Ionising Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety - “2002 Act” - basic requirements • Detailed safety requirements in regulation’’On management of radioactive waste and spent fuel’’ (JV7), adopted in May 2006

  33. Regulatory Body Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration (SNSA) • Established in 1987 • Director of the SNSA • appointed and released by the Government • responsible to the Minister • SNSA is represented on the Governmental and Parliamentary level by the Minister • Staff • interdisciplinary • 46 employees (including director) • In 2007 acquired the ISO 9001:2000 certificate for the management system

  34. Regulatory Body

  35. Human and Financial Resources NPP Krško • Responsibilities: • Radioactive waste => Chemistry Department, • Spent fuel => Nuclear Fuel Department, • Radiological control => Radiation Protection Department • 573 employees (at the end of 2007), 8 directly involved in RAW management • Expenses for radioactive waste and spent fuel are part of production costs • Development of a Site Specific Decommissioning Plan for NPP Krško to assess financial resources • Fund for decommissioning and final disposal of radioactive waste and spent fuel is independent from the NPP

  36. Human and Financial Resources JSI Reactor Infrastructure Centre • Reactor operational staff responsible for spent fuel and radioactive waste handling and managing. Budget 200,000 EUR per year. Financial provisions for decommissioning are not assured yet. • Staff of 11 Agency for Radwaste Management • Staff of 24 • State budget, Decommissioning Fund for the Krško NPP, fees for storage and future disposal of radioactive waste

  37. Operational Radiation Protection Occupational Exposure due to RW Management * due to radiation practices and RWM

  38. Operational Radiation Protection Estimated effective dose for population

  39. Decommissioning No nuclear facility under decommissioning(excluding the remediation of the Žirovski vrh Uranium Mine) • Site Specific Decommissioning Plan for Krško NPP, levy per produced kWhe paid to the Fund is 0.3 Eurocents • Research project to estimate quantity and composition of LILW resulting of dismantling of TRIGA Mark II • Decommissioning of Žirovski vrh is assured by Slovenian Government

  40. Siting of Proposed Facilities • LILW repository should become operational by the year 2013, site known by 2008. • Two main criteria: • Safe disposal solution, supported by the safety assessment • Site selection performed in agreement with local community • Licensing process: • Environmental Impact Assessment is mandatory for spent fuel management facilities and radioactive waste management facilities • Safety Analysis Report is the key document

  41. Siting of Proposed Facilities • Public Involvement: • invitation to local communities, 8 responded, 3 withdrawn, • 12 potentially suitable sites in 5 local communities, • 3 locations in 3 communities were approved for further field investigation, 1 withdrawn • 2 local partnerships were established • The spatial planning procedure for the potential location Vrbina in Krško started in 2006, waiting for consent of the local council • The spatial planning procedure for the potential location Brežice started in 2007, in process

  42. Siting of Proposed Facilities (cntd’) NPP Krško Vrbina-Krško municipality Sava River Vrbina- Brežice municipality

  43. Siting of Proposed Facilities (cntd’) Design basis for the LILW repository • Three variants considered on the potential location Vrbina in Krško municipality • Surface type • Tunnel type • Near Surface silos • Proposal: Silo type of LILW repository • Structures used for operating stage placed on embankment, later removed • Structure placed 15 to 50 m beneath the surface • Lays in saturated soil, separated from fresh water, covered by 5m thick clay layer • Silos structure: 33 m high and 26 m in diameter • Capacity: 700 concrete containers in 10 levels Silos structure in operating time: vertical and horizontal cross section.

  44. Disposal of Spent Fuel Krško NPP: • Plans for repository • beginning of site characterisation 2035 (identify sites) • beginning of construction 2055 (propose the site) • beginning of disposal 2065 • Export option also considered

  45. Disposal of Spent Fuel Research Reactor: • Decision on termination of operation in 2016 • Shipment and permanent disposal of spent fuel within the framework of the U.S. government programme

  46. Transboundary Movement • Council Directive 2006/117/EURATOM of November 2006 has been adopted • In 2005 transit of irradiated nuclear fuel from Austria via Slovenia to Port of Koper • In October 2005 shipment from the Krško NPP for incineration and melting, returned in December 2006 • In December 2008 shipment from the Krško NPP sent for incineration and melting • In 2008 three transits of nuclear fuel from Italy, Romania and Hungary via Slovenia to Port of Koper

  47. Disused Sealed Sources • Storage: • Central Interim Storage • “Polluter pays’’ principle • Re-manufacturing and re-entry • No manufacturing of sealed sources in Slovenia • Successful campaign in the faculties and state institutions • HASS Directive has been adopted • Effective System for Prevention of Illicit Trafficking of Radioactive Materials in Shipments of Metal Scrap • In force since January 1, 2008

  48. Introduction – Slovenian Nuclear Programme • The Republic of Slovenia - a party to the Joint Convention • Brief presentation of the National Report • Conclusions • General response to questions

  49. CONCLUSIONS • Amount of radwaste in Slovenia is relatively small, but magnitude of problems is similar as in countries with big nuclear programmes • Current situation is well under control • Slovenia respects provisions of Joint Convention

  50. Challenges • LILW repository siting, construction and operation • Agreement with Croatia about common solution for Krško NPP waste disposal • Updated Krško NPP Decommissioning plan

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