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History of the Juvenile Court System in the U. S. [Your name here]. US Juvenile Justice Early History. Only adult system exist. No special protection for children. Young people treated like adults. Young criminals prosecuted like adults. Neglected and delinquent children handled.
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History of the Juvenile Court System in the U. S. [Your name here]
US Juvenile Justice Early History • Only adult system exist. • No special protection for children. • Young people treated like adults. • Young criminals prosecuted like adults. • Neglected and delinquent children handled.
1800s Child-Saver Movement • Reformers of 19th century • House of Refuge • Children’s Aid Society, • Mostly Caucasians from upper class. • Mostly female but headed by males. • Members mostly from organized religion.
1800s Child-Saver Movement • Took children out of alm houses. • Stood against child labor • Demanded provision of public education • Restricted young people's freedom and autonomy. • Disenfranched young people’s rights.
First Juvenile Court • 1899 – Juvenile Court Act of Illinois • Help of Jane Addams • Civil Court • Influences from Parens Patriae and Child-Saver Movements. • Courts to serve as school to teach juveniles.
First Juvenile Court • Separate court for juveniles created. • Different institutional facilities and court proceedings. • Distinction between delinquent and neglected youth. • Focused rehabilitating juveniles. • Focused on protection and guidance of juveniles.
Parens Patriae • The State as parent • Rights to parental care • Concerned with the protection of children. • Treatment and rehabilitation approach. • Children can be molded and corrected.
Parens Patriae Influence to US Juvenile Court Development • Minors have no legal capacity. • State has right to intervene with juvenile’s life. • State responsibility to protect children when their parents fail to give due supervision. • Juveniles requires different treatment.
Changes in the Legal Rights of Juvenile Offenders • Right to counsel • Right to appeal one's conviction. • Right to trial by jury. • Right to have punishment consistent with the seriousness of the crime. • Right to confront witness
Indiana Codes • To cross-examine witnesses; .To obtain witnesses or tangible evidence by compulsory process. • To introduce evidence on his own behalf. • Represented by counsel. • Refrain from testifying against himself. • Confront witnesses.
Conclusion • First Juvenile Court establishes through the Juvenile Act. • Parens Patriae and Child-Saver Movement influenced creation of first Juvenile Court. • Juvenile Court System separated juveniles from adult court system. • Provided protection to juveniles. • Laws and juvenile offenders legal rights continue to change.
References Children and the state: the development of institutionalization. Retrieved November 24, 2008 from http://homepage.mac.com/brenn/Child%20Savers.html Juvenile Court history. Retrieved November 24, 2008 from 16th Judicial Circuit Court of Jackson County Website: http://www.family-court.org/history.htm Juvenile justice: a century of change. Retrieved November 24, 2008 from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/178995.pdf Rights of Juvenile Offenders. Retrieved November 25, 2006 from http://www.in.gov/history/files/rtsofjuveniles.pdf The child Savers. Retrieved November 25, 2006 from http://ice.prohosting.com/~unmediat/platt1.html The First Juvenile Court. Retrieved November 25, 2008 from http://www.360degrees.org/timeline/era7/era7_h.html
