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Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion. Expanding since the end of the revolution.Northwest TerritoriesLouisiana PurchaseIndian cessions in the SouthTexasMexican Cession

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Westward Expansion

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    1. Westward Expansion Part II: Mexican-American War

    2. Westward Expansion Expanding since the end of the revolution. Northwest Territories Louisiana Purchase Indian cessions in the South Texas Mexican Cession & California Oregon Territory Alaska, Hawaii & Pacific islands (after 1865)

    3. Manifest Destiny “Obvious fate” of the United States to extend the territory of the nation as well as its system of government. Phrase coined by New York journalist John O’Sullivan in 1845: “it was the nation's manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us.”

    4. Monroe Doctrine From a speech given by Pres. James Monroe in 1823. Americas should be free from future European colonization. U.S. would protect Latin American republics. Became the underpinnings of manifest destiny.

    5. Texas Became part of Mexico in 1810. Opened for settlement to Americans shortly thereafter. Huge influx of white settlers in 1830s led by Stephen Austin. Mexico struggled to maintain control of territory. Attempts to outlaw slavery and curb immigration failed.

    6. Republic of Texas Texas Declaration of Independence signed in 1835, enacted in 1836. Supported by Anglo-Texans and native Tejanos (Mexican-Texans). Two-week long Battle of the Alamo; Mexican victory led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Battle of San Jacinto in 1836; 1600 Mexicans dead, only 9 Texans. Marked end of the war and creation of Republic of Texas with Sam Houston as President.

    7. Texan-American Relations Texas recognized as an independent republic by U.S., Britain, and the Netherlands. 1845, Texas requested to be annexed by the United States. Huge debts and exchange of northern parts. Slavery hampers attempts at annexation (Missouri Compromise of 1820). Disputed boundaries with Mexico will lead to war.

    10. Annexation and War 1845, U.S. annexes Texas. U.S. offers to pay off Texan debts to Mexico and purchase California; offers rejected. Border disputes turns into war; U.S. claims Mexico “invaded our soil.” Occupied California (as Republic of California) to protect it from British. Several key battles, Battle of Vera Cruz, e.g. Key players show up later in Civil War.

    11. Why didn’t we keep Mexico? Racial and economic components. “The best of them are robbers and murderers.” “As for ugliness, I have never seen any old Negro half so hideous and disgusting in appearance as very many of the wretched hags of this ill-famed race.” “The lower classes . . . At least nineteen-twentieths of the whole population, are poor, miserable being who are as ignorant and superstitious as it is possible to be.”

    12. Results of War Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) Mexican Cession (present-day states of California, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada). Further debates over slavery. Increase in American nationalism. Also acquired Oregon Country during the war.

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