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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Social Interaction. Social Interaction. The process by which people act and react in relation to others Social construction of reality – the process by which people shape reality through social interaction

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Social Interaction

  2. Social Interaction • The process by which people act and react in relation to others • Social construction of reality – the process by which people shape reality through social interaction • Thomas theorem – Situations defined as real become real in their consequences

  3. Status • Status – a social position • Status set – consists of all the statuses a person holds at a given time • Ascribed status – a social position given to a person by society • Achieved status – a social position that someone assumes voluntarily and that reflects ability and effort • Master status – a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life

  4. Roles • Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status • Role conflict – conflict among roles corresponding to two or more different statuses • Role strain – incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status

  5. Role Exit • The process by which people disengage from important social roles • Helen Ebaugh’s 4 stage model • Doubt • Search for alternatives • Action or departure • Creation of new identity

  6. Erving Goffman • Dramaturgical analysis – social interaction in terms of theatrical performance • Presentation of self – the effort of an individual to create specific impressions in the minds of others

  7. Communication in Everyday Interactions • Language • Nonverbal Behavior

  8. Types of Interactions • Exchange – the process in which people transfer goods, services, and other items with one another. • Norms of reciprocity – a strong norm that says that if you do something for a person, then that person must do something of approximately equal social value in return.

  9. Types of Interaction • Cooperation – the process in which people work together to achieve shared goals • Competition – the process in which two or more parties attempt to obtain the same goal. • Conflict – the process in which people attempt to physically or socially vanquish one another • Coercion – the process by which people compel other people to do something against their will.

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