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Maxmillian I Holy Roman Emporer dies Jan. 1519. Inquisition on Luther begins in Rome 1519 Death of Emperor Maximillian - Rome briefly distracted from Luther. The Leipzig Debate – June, July 1519.
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Inquisition on Luther begins in Rome 1519 Death of Emperor Maximillian - Rome briefly distracted from Luther
The Leipzig Debate – June, July 1519 • Frederick assigned Carl von Militz, his relative, as an assistant to Cajetan with the mission of keeping Luther quiet until the election of the new emperor was settled. • Militz failed when Andreas Karlstadt starting to lose the debate against Roman Catholicist, John Eck. • The rules of debate forbid use of books. Karlstadt was a reader of his lectures, not a memorizer. • Luther is compelled to jump in for Karlstadt and quickly turns the tide of the debate. Luther has practiced teaching from memory for years. See how God prepares His faithful. • There, in debate with Johann Eck, a professor of theology at Ingolstadt, Luther maintained "A simple layman armed with Scripture is to be believed above a pope of council without it … For the sake of Scripture we should reject pope and councils." Eck also baited Luther into defending the Bohemian "heretic" John Hus. • Luther was great. Eck shell shocked. You can imagine how poor Militz felt.
The next year’s writing would combine all his chief teachings. Luther takes to preaching through the pen through the rest of 1519
To the German Nobility1520 The Papacy defended itself with three lies – Walls.
To the German NobilityAug, 1520 The First Wall: Spiritual Power over Temporal “Every Christian is a priest through baptism. The Church has no power over governments.”
To the German Nobility1520 The Second Wall: Scriptural Interpretation The Pope need not be the chief authority on Scripture.
To the German Nobility1520 The Third Wall: Who can call councils? Temporal authority or Christians with questions -- Not Pope alone.
Treatise on Christian FreedomAug – Oct 1520 This work developed the concept that as fully forgiven children of God, Christians are no longer compelled to keep God's law; however, they freely and willingly serve God and their neighbors.[
Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchOct 1520 Only Three Sacraments! Cup to be drank by all.
Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchOct 1520 Penance was not needed, only joy for absolution. Transubstantiation rejected.
Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchOct 1520 The Rush Limbaugh type of writing infuriated enemies, but won over the common man.
Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchOct 1520 Luther wrote as he taught and preached.
3 January 1521 • Luther excommunicated!
Diet of Worms - 1521 • April 16: Luther arrived in Worms. Luther was told to appear the following day before the Diet at 4 p.m. • Dr. Jeromee Schurff, Wittenberg professor in Canon Law, was to act as Luther’s lawyer before the Diet. • WORMS is just north of HEIDELBERG. • People there loved Luther as a hero for the common Christian.
Diet of Worms • April 17. 25 written works (with Address to German Nobility, Treatise on Good Works, and Babylonian Captivity) were on a table. Luther was told to recant all these works. Luther requested more time for a proper answer, so he was given until the next day at 4 p.m.
Diet of Worms • April 18: Luther prayed for long hours, consulted with friends and mediators, and presented himself before the Diet the next day. A larger crowd assembled than the previous day. Luther was a changed man, no longer in awe or feeling timid. He had probably memorized his speech.
Diet of Worms • April 18: “The Most Serene Lord Emperor, Illustrious Princes, most clement Lords, etc.” "They are all mine, but as for the second question, they are not all of one sort."
Diet of Worms • Luther went on to place the writings into three categories: (1) Works which were well received by even his enemies: those he would not reject. (2) Books which attacked the abuses, lies and desolation of the Christian world and the papacy: those, Luther believed, could not safely be rejected without encouraging abuses to continue.
Diet of Worms • If I now recant these, then, I would be doing nothing but strengthening tyranny” • Attacks on individuals: he apologized for the harsh tone of these writings but did not reject the substance of what he taught in them; if he could be Biblically shown that he was in error, Luther continued, he would reject them. • “Here I stand; I can do no other. God help me. Amen.”
Get Luther out of Town • Luther’s friends knew his condemnation was just a matter of time and needed to have him start heading home before his arrest.
Worms Cathedral. Meeting would have been on opposite side in vaulted hall.
Where Diet of Worms took place. Destroyed over time.
Conclusion of Diet • Over the next five days, private conferences were held to determine Luther's fate. The Emperor presented the final draft of the Diet of Worms on 25 May 1521, declaring Luther an outlaw, banning his literature, and requiring his arrest: "We want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic.“ It also made it a crime for anyone in Germany to give Luther food or shelter. It permitted anyone to kill Luther without legal consequence.
May 4, 1521 • Luther disappeared…
May 4, 1521 • Fredrick the Wise was behind the disappearnce. He told his men not to tell him where Luther was so he could honestly say he hadn’t a clue where Luther was.
Charles V – The Holy Roman Emporer who was neither holy or Roman. A Spainerd.
Junker George • In a mock kidnapping (May 4), Luther disappears. • Again, Fredrick did not want to lie if asked if he knew where Luther was. So he gave authority and monetary support to some to hide and protect Luther without knowledge of the details. • Luther hides out in Wartburg Castle as Soldier George.
Junker George • Luther went from vegetable diet to meat one. It was hard on him. • Luther called the Wartburg: The Kingdom of the Birds. • Luther has time and opportunity to translate the New Testament into common language of German people. This begins the standardization of many German dialects.
Whale vertabrae. Legend, not fact, says Luther used as footstole. Reality. It was unearthed later at Castle.
Luther really understands grace • Baptismal grace becomes reality to Luther. • While at Wartburg, he wrote that Satan threw bad thoughts at him and his baptismal grace had him roll over and toot in the devil’s direction. • Luther has peace with God. • He sees sins like a bird overheard that God gives grace not to nest in hair.
Thomas Munzer • Thomas Munzer saw the Reformation as an opportunity for radical revolution. • From Wittenberg, he attacked churches and monasteries, destroyed church property, and become a fanatic fundamentalist in worship practices. • Luther saw chaos coming form the Reformation, not reform.
Luther Leaves the Wartburg • Luther made a secret trip or two from the Wartburg. • He knew it was time to leave and to risk death to bring needed leadership to the Reformation.
