The Agricultural Revolution

1. The Agricultural Revolution Revolution=change

2. New farming Techniques Throughout the early 1700s new technologies helped improve farming and increased food production Iron Plow

3. Population Explosion More food=bigger population Estimated population statistics: Britain in 1700: 5 million Britain in 1800: 9 million Almost Double!! What other time period does this population increase remind you of? Neolithic Revolution

4. The Industrial Revolution1750-1850 Revolution = CHANGE

5. Industrial Revolution It begins in Great Britain because they have plenty of natural resources and many natural waterways • The IndustrialRevolution is the name given to the massive social, economic and technological change in 18th and 19th century Great Britain. It commenced with the introduction of steam power, fueled primarily by coal.

6. Industrial Change The Industrial revolution refers to the shift from simple hand tools to complex machines AND from human & animal power to steam power.

7. Before People live and work in small farming villages During People move from farming villages to new city centers based on industry- urbanization After Cities become overcrowded with working families

8. Causes of Industrialization Availability of natural resources for fuel (coal) 2. Capital (surplus money to invest) 3. Technological inventions and energy

9. Capital Capital (money for investing) allowed for new inventions: Steam Engine- powered machines without needing to be next to a moving water source. Heats water by burning coal. Spinning Jenny- Quickly produces thread.

10. Transportation Systems Inventions allowed for the production of large quantities of product but transportation was slow. Turnpikes- private roads that charged $$ to transport on. Example I-90 Steamships- ships powered with steam could move faster and reliably without wind. Railroads- steam powered locomotives could carry large loads quickly across vast distances. The first major line laid in 1830. Within 40 years lines crossed Europe and America.

11. Effects of Industrialization Urbanization Loss of Traditional way of Life New Economic Systems Doomsayers

12. 1. Urbanization Movement of people to cities to find work. What do you already know about the conditions in these factories and cities? Child Labor Dark, unsafe factories Long hours and little pay Poor living conditions

13. Origin of textile factory workers What is wrong with this process? Too slow and too expensive. Only small quantities could be produced keeping cost high

14. Origin of Textile Factory Workers New inventions were bought by rich capitalists. The machines turned out cheaper and better products than the farm workers. Thus the workers become disposable.

15. 2. Loss of Traditional Way of life The customs and traditions of the farms and past are replaced by the “new” city ways. Traditional ways are blended or lost as a result

16. Review Which condition is most necessary to the process of industrialization in a society Dependence on subsistence agriculture Creation of a one-crop economy Availability of investment capital Capture of foreign lands

17. Review Before a nation can begin to industrialize, that nation must first develop A democratic government A rigid class structure A strong religious foundation An adequate food supply

18. Review • -Europeans sought new markets for their goods.-Many Europeans migrated to the cities in search of jobs.-European middle class gained political power.What was the major cause of these changes in Europe?1. Industrial Revolution • 2. rise of feudalism • 3. Congress of Vienna • 4. French Revolution

19. 3. New Economic Systems Shift from a traditional economic system based on bartering and trade to mostly money based exchanges. -Capitalism -Utopianism -Communism

20. Capitalism • Wealthy people (entrepreneurs) and companies will invest money, capital, into factories • Entrepreneurs believed they would make money off of the growing demand. • The idea is it takes money to make money

21. Capitalism In a Capitalist society the factories are owned by private investors who’s goal is to make money. Adam Smith believed in Laissez Faire economics based on supply and demand. If the demand is high and the investors are making money, they will make more supply.

22. Capitalist Cycle

23. Utopians Some believed that the goal of society was “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of citizens. Utopians want to achieve this by creating communities where everything is shared and everyone works together to produce necessary items, food, supplies, etc.

24. Communism Form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; according to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole. What you need to know:a communist society has no class structure because everyone is equal and all property is shared.

25. Karl Marx • Known as the father of communism • Teamed up with Friedrich Engels to write, “The Communist Manifesto”. • Marx believes that history is just a history of class struggles: between the “haves” and “have-nots”

26. Haves and Have-nots Have-nots Haves Proletariat: they own nothing and work for the bourgeoisie The workers The proletariats will struggle against the bosses Bourgeoisie: they own the means of production and control society The Entrepreneurs and investors The bosses

27. Bourgeoisie= Boss You tell me: Who are the Bourgeoisie?

28. Proletariat= Workers You tell me: Who are the Proletariat?

29. Review Which revolution inspired Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to express their ideas in The Communist Manifesto? Industrial Scientific Glorious Neolithic

30. Review According to the theories of Karl Marx, history can be viewed as a succession of famines that result in the destruction of civilizations repeating cycle of imperialism and colonialism listing of the accomplishments of the ruling classes continuous struggle between economic classes

31. Review A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the 1. concentration of workers in urban areas 2. increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power 3. formation of powerful craft guilds 4. control of agricultural production by governments

32. Stages of Communism According to Marx, history has been the story of the struggle between the workers and bosses. Capital Factories are built Factories need workers Conflict Communism

33. #1 Capital Remember one of the causes of the Industrial Revolution is capital, or surplus money used for investment.

34. #2 Build Factories

35. #3 Factories need Workers

36. #4 Conflict Proletariat vs. Bourgeoisie

37. #5 Communist Revolution The proletariat will rise above the bourgeoisie and set up a communist society: class less and shared property. Karl Marx: Father of Communism

38. Communist Nations in History • USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) • China • North Korea • Vietnam • Cuba

39. What does this video say about communism?

40. Doomsayers Some saw the new industrialization as a negative for society. Thomas Malthus believed the growing population would outgrow the food supply. “Poverty and misery are unavoidable because population is increasing faster then the food supply” David Ricardo felt there was no hope for the working class to escape poverty unless they limit their family sizes. He created the Iron Law of Wages.

41. Iron Law of Wages

42. Review “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains…Workers of the world, unite!”This statement was made in response to conditions resulting from the1. Protestant Reformation 2. Counter-Reformation 3. Commercial Revolution 4. Industrial Revolution

43. Review “Revolution will occur more and more frequently in the industrialized nations as the proletariat struggles to overcome the abuses of the capitalist system.”This quotation reflects the ideas of1. Charles Darwin 2. Karl Marx 3. NiccoloMachiavelli 4. John Locke

44. Review According to Karl Marx, history is the record of the1. granting of more political liberties to all people 2. struggle between classes in society 3. wars and conflicts between national leaders 4. increasing prosperity brought about by industrialization

45. Review A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles’ Communist Manifesto is that the proletariat1. would need foreign help to achieve its revolutionary ends 2. had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic rewards 3. should allow the capitalists to control the means of production 4. must unite to overthrow the capitalist class

46. Review A major result of the Industrial Revolution was the1. concentration of workers in urban areas 2. increased desire of the wealthy class to share its power 3. formation of powerful craft guilds 4. control of agricultural production by governments