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Durkhiem on Social Solidarity

Durkhiem on Social Solidarity. Last time. Two collective achievements: SOCI 3220 Traffic Durkheim’s question: how can we explain social order?. Division of Labor. Classic Issue: Adam Smith : efficiency through specialization (capitalism).

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Durkhiem on Social Solidarity

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  1. Durkhiem on Social Solidarity

  2. Last time • Two collective achievements: • SOCI 3220 • Traffic • Durkheim’s question: how can we explain social order?

  3. Division of Labor • Classic Issue: • Adam Smith: efficiency through specialization (capitalism). • Karl Marx: exploitation through specialization (capitalism). • Durkheim: different approach • Arises with social density (capitalism or socialism) • It’s a puzzle: it can’t be simply contractual. There must be non-utilitarian foundation.

  4. Division of Labor • Q. How can society possibly function? • A. solidarity derived from the collective conscience. • Collective Conscience? • The body of beliefs and sentiments common to members of society.

  5. Small scale society Limited DOL Few individual dif.s Same emotions and values Group dominates individual +functional independence Mechanical Solidarity Complex society Extensive DOL + individual dif.s Freedom of belief & conscience. Weak collective conscience. +functional interdependence. Organic Solidarity Types of social solidarity

  6. Small scale society Mechanical Solidarity Immanent Gods In-group/out-group morality Complex society Organic Solidarity Transcendent God. Universalistic morality. Types of religion

  7. Marx Religion reflects society. Durkheim Religion reflects society. Religion was irrelevant or an impediment. Religion or some other form of collective conscience was essential for society to function. Reflection theories of religion

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