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Traffic Detection Systems

Traffic Detection Systems. CEE 320 Anne Goodchild. Outline. What are traffic detectors? Traffic detector importance Detector types Use Example. What Are Traffic Detectors?. Devices that are used for detecting vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians. Traffic Detection Systems Structure.

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Traffic Detection Systems

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  1. Traffic Detection Systems CEE 320Anne Goodchild

  2. Outline • What are traffic detectors? • Traffic detector importance • Detector types • Use Example

  3. What Are Traffic Detectors? Devices that are used for detecting vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians

  4. Traffic Detection Systems Structure Detector Processor/Controller Storage

  5. Applications • Monitor conditions • Reduce congestion • Control operations • Signal timing • Variable speed limits • Understand system for strategic planning • Infrastructure development • Improved management

  6. Why Is Traffic Detection Important?

  7. Why Is Traffic Detection Important? Freeway Monitoring

  8. Why Is Traffic Detection Important? Actuated Signal Control

  9. Why Is Traffic Detection Important? Ramp Meter Control

  10. Why Is Traffic Detection Important? Dynamic Traffic Assignment

  11. ATIS Why Is Traffic Detection Important? ! ! E-Message Sign Control Center Quality Data

  12. Traffic Detector Types • Inductive loops • Video • Microwave • Infrared • Acoustic • Radar • Magnetic • Radio frequency • Global positioning system (GPS) Use various waves and fields, frequencies, passive or active, mobile or fixed infrastructure

  13. Share of Detector Types at new ATMS Sites Environment, cost, application

  14. Popular Traffic Detector Types Inductive loops Video Image Processors (VIPs)

  15. Popular Traffic Detector Types Remote Traffic Microwave Sensor (RTMS) Photos and picture from Electronic Integrated Systems, Inc.

  16. RTMS • Multi-zone traffic detector with few occlusion problems • Unaffected by weather and light • Low-power microwave signal • Volume, Occupancy, Average Speed and Classification by length

  17. Popular Traffic Detector Types Magnetic Sensors Infrared Sensors

  18. Popular Traffic Detector Types Radio Frequency Tag

  19. Popular Traffic Detector Types ASIM TT 298: Doppler RADAR, ultrasonic, passive infrared. Volume, classification, speed, occupancy, queue detection, wrong-way

  20. Popular Traffic Detector Types ASIM TT 298: Doppler RADAR, ultrasonic, passive infrared.

  21. Popular Traffic Detector Types Intersection Control Traffic Data Acquisition = infrared (counting) = ultrasonic (vehicle height) = microwave doppler radar (speed)

  22. Popular Traffic Detector Types GPS-Based Tracking Systems

  23. Inductance Loop Detectors • Most popular Photos from Never Fail Loop Systems, Inc.

  24. Inductance Loop Detectors

  25. Inductance Loop Detectors Loop inductance decreases when a car is on top of it. Inductance T = ton 0 ton T = toff toff Time

  26. Inductance High low Tn tn1 tn2 tn3 Tn+1 Time Inductance Loop Detectors • Single loops can measure: • Occupancy (O): % of time loop is occupied per interval • Volume (N): vehicles per interval Single loop measurements?

  27. Loop Detector Signatures

  28. Field Component Traffic Control Cabinet Pull Box Lead-In Cable Loop wires DEUs Inductance Loop Detectors

  29. Inductance Loop Detectors

  30. Dual Loop Detector • Formed by two consecutive single loop detectors placed a short distance apart ldist lloop

  31. Dual Loop Detectors • Dual loop measurements ldist lloop T = t2 T = t1 oti = on-time for loop detector i Measured vehicle lengths are used to classify vehicles into different categories, such as long and short.

  32. Only 20 sec aggregated data are available from TSMC TSMC queried 20 sec data (e.g. 0:00:00 3, 0.98 0:00:20 2, 0.65) measured data per 20 sec. real time measurements Loops Station cabinet User Inductance Loop Detectors

  33. Can We Get Speed from a Single Loop? • Perhaps… EVL ~ vehicle length + detector length

  34. Can We Get Speed from a Single Loop? • Using typical traffic data 100 converts percent to decimal

  35. Inductance Loop Detectors

  36. Video Image Processors

  37. Video Image Processors Much more promising for pedestrian detection.

  38. A Use Example: Ramp Metering

  39. Ramp Meter Schematic Diagram from ITS Decision website

  40. Example: SR 520

  41. What is the Difference?

  42. Primary References • Cosgrove, C. and Cutchin, C. (2003). ITS Decision. Website hosted by the California Center for Innovative Transportation at the University of California and Berkeley and Caltrans. http://www.calccit.org/itsdecision • Wang, Y. (2004). CEE 599F, Advanced Traffic Detection Systems Course Pak. Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington.

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