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IN-SITU ANALIZA GASOVA

IN-SITU ANALIZA GASOVA. Zirconia O 2 Goran Radonić Juni 2011. Who Measures Combustion Oxygen? Anyone who needs to monitor and/or control their combustion process. END USERS. O 2 Users & Applications. Power Plants - Utilities Upgrading old systems Installing Low NOx Burners

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IN-SITU ANALIZA GASOVA

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  1. IN-SITU ANALIZA GASOVA Zirconia O2 Goran Radonić Juni 2011

  2. Who Measures Combustion Oxygen? Anyone who needs to monitor and/or control their combustion process. END USERS O2 Users & Applications Power Plants - Utilities Upgrading old systems Installing Low NOx Burners Sewage Treatment Plants Waste Burners - 40CFR503 Incinerators Trash Burners Hazardous Waste Incinerators Package Boiler Owners O2 Trim required by EPA Chemical Plants Process Heaters Boiler Houses Power Utilities Pulp& Paper Mills Steel Mills Refineries Chemical Plants Waste Incinerators Hazardous Waste Incinerators Package Boiler Users Cement Plants (kilns) Co-Gen Plants

  3. Measure O2 here Air Fuel BURNING Gases What are we Measuring? The most common Application for EXA OXY Analyzers is to measure the oxygen concentration in flue gas. Flue Gas is what you get anytime you burn something!

  4. Excess Air Fuel Ratios Heat Efficiency Optimum Combustion Zone Heat Loss Energy loss - due to incomplete combustion (unburned fuel) Heat loss - dissipated from the stack 1.0 1.02 1.10 1.30 Excess Air Ratio (µ) Combustion Efficiency MINIMUM POLLUTION Smokey NOx and SOx increase Low Excess Air Ratios Insufficient Air High Excess Air Ratios

  5. H O (water) 2 CO (carbon dioxide) 2 CO (carbon monoxide) H (hydrogen) 2 C (carbon) Aldehydes What is Combustion? Heat FlueGas Air Fuel O2 Theory H O (water) H (hydrogen) 2 Combustionis the combination of fuel and air with heat produced and carried by the mass of flue gas generated. O 2 + CO 2 C (carbon dioxide) (carbon) 2 COMPLETE Heat FlueGas Air Fuel H (hydrogen) O 2 + 2 C (carbon) INCOMPLETE

  6. CO + H O 2 2 What Controls the Rate of Combustion? Time Oxygenin contact with the Fuel, longer the better. Turbulence Mixes the Oxygen and the Fuel so they are in contact. Temperature The higher the temperature, the better the burning.

  7. Oxygen Concentration and Cell EMF (P = Partial Pressure of O2, Reference) A E = -50.74 log (P /P ) X A O2 Concentration vs Millivolts Output 100 75 E (millivolts) 50 25 0 100 1.0 10 20.9 0.2

  8. O 2 2- O 2- O Reference Gas Oxygen Partial Pressure = P A Zirconia Oxide - Cell Theory Platinum Electrode Zirconia Ceramic Sample Gas Oxygen Partial Pressure = P x

  9. ZO21D - Internal View

  10. Reference Air vs. Sample Flow Process Gas Process Gas Ambient Air Reference Air Cal Tube Zirconia Cell Reference Air Heater Calibration Gas Inlet Reference Air Tube Piped Reference Air

  11. Single Point O2 - Basic System ZA8C ZA8F Auto-Cal Wire (3) Signal Wire (6) Heater Wire (2) ZO21D Instrument Air Zero Gas .25” Tubing

  12. Single Point O2 - High Temperature ZA8C ZA8F Auto-Cal Wire (3) Signal Wire (6) Heater Wire (2) Instrument Air (0-15 psig) ZO21D Instrument Air ZO21P Zero Gas .25” Tubing

  13. O2 O2 O2 Application Recovery Boiler Typical O2 Probe Installations Superheater Header Outlet Economizer ZO21D Chemical Recovery Boiler Oil & Gas Burners Salt Cake Silo Mix Tank Dissolving Tank

  14. Application Utility Boiler Multiple ZO21D probes! Primary Superheater by Customer Economizer Probe Protector (ZO21R) Burners to Stack O2 Probe Placement Fly Ash Filter Air Preheater Combustion Zone

  15. O Probe O Probe 2 2 5% 1% 4% Side by Side Duct - alt. Slow Fast Slow “A” Duct “B” Duct

  16. O Probes - Average “B” O Probes - Average “A” 2 2 Multi Probe System - AVERAGING 5% Fast Slow 1% 4% Slow “A” Duct “B” Duct

  17. AC 8 Zero Gas Instrument Air AV8C Multi Point O2 - 8 Channel System AV8E Probe Wiring Not Shown Gas Lines “A” Duct “B” Duct

  18. Product History ofYokogawa Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer 1st Generation (1970s) Analog Type (ZO6C) 3rd Generation (1990s) Multifunction (ZA8C) 2nd Generation (1980s) Microprocessor-based (ZO21C)

  19. ZR Series Zirconia Oxygen Analyzer ZR402, remote analyzer ZR22, Zirconia detector ZR202, SMART detector

  20. ZR202 /ZR22 Oxygen detectors • Repairable construction • Heavy duty ceramic heater • Max Temperature 700C • Natural convection or forced reference air • Pressure Compensation possible • Superior environmental specifications Heater Assembly

  21. Detector Field replaceable sensor Optional Inconel bolts for 600< T < 700 C Universal Gas-Block

  22. Installation Flexibilityreference air: convection, reference air,pressure compensating Pressure compensation Rc1/4 or NPT1/4 for press.comp Instrument air as reference NaturalConvection

  23. ZR402 Oxygen Analyzer & ZR22 Oxygen Detector Trending Information Diagnostics Calibration & Maintenance • Touch Screen matrix LCD • Self diagnostic features • Trend graphing of O2 values • Auto Calibration • Suitable for humidity analysis • ( indirectly heated dryers )

  24. Digital Communication Converter Zero Gas 120V AC Auto-Cal Unit Reduction ofMaintenance Costs by Digital Communication • Preventive maintenance by measurement signals and diagnosis information • Reduction of maintenance cost by remote maintenance　　 Instrument Gas

  25. HVALA NA PAŽNJI ! Pitanja?

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