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6.3 & 6.4 Causes of the Revolution

6.3 & 6.4 Causes of the Revolution. What were the causes of the American Revolution?. Key Terms. Tea Act East India Tea Company Smuggling Committees of Correspondence Boston Tea Party Sons of Liberty Samuel Adams Benjamin Franklin Coercive or Intolerable Acts.

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6.3 & 6.4 Causes of the Revolution

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  1. 6.3 & 6.4 Causes of the Revolution What were the causes of the American Revolution?

  2. Key Terms • Tea Act • East India Tea Company • Smuggling • Committees of Correspondence • Boston Tea Party • Sons of Liberty • Samuel Adams • Benjamin Franklin • Coercive or Intolerable Acts • First Continental Congress • Patrick Henry • Lexington & Concord • Second Continental Congress • Fort Ticonderoga • Washington • Bunker Hill • Charles Town • Olive Branch Petition • Benedict Arnold

  3. The Tea Act • The boycott works again! • Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts in April 1770, but left the tax on tea to show it was still in charge • Colonists are angered at the remaining tax • Drank smuggled tea from Holland • Many British tea companies lost money

  4. 1773 Tea Act • Gave a monopoly (total control over the market) to the East India Tea Company • The company had the exclusive right to sell tea to the colonists • The act lowered the price of tea in the colonies, restricted colonists from acting as shippers and merchants • See the act as another attempt to interfere in the colonial economy • Choose to still purchase smuggled tea

  5. Committees of Correspondence • Organized to unite the colonies by keeping them informed, spreading news on colonial affairs and resistance to British policy, to neighboring towns and colonial leaders • Organized in Boston and spread throughout the colonies

  6. Boston Tea Party • December 16, 1773 • Organized by the Sons of Liberty and led by Samuel Adams • Dressed as American Indians, Boarded three ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor • British officials angry at the destruction of property! • Some colonial officials, such as Benjamin Franklin weren’t thrilled with the destruction and offer to pay for the tea if Parliament would repeal the hated Tea Act. • Refused!

  7. Coercive or Intolerable Acts • In reaction to the Boston Tea Party • Closed the port of Boston until colonist paid for the destroyed tea • Banned town meetings • Repealed the elected council with an appointed one • Increased the governor’s power over the colonists • Protected British officials accused of crimes in the colonies from being tried by colonists • Allowed British officers to house troops in private dwellings • General Thomas Gage was appointed to enforce the acts

  8. First Continental Congress • September 1774 delegates from the colonies, except Georgia, met • Voted to ban all trade with Great Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed • Called on each colony to begin training troops

  9. Patrick Henry • “Give me Liberty or Give me Death!” • Virginia House of Burgesses, 1774

  10. Lexington • “Minute Men” refused to disperse and shots were fired killing 8 Americans, wounding many more • “Lexington Massacre” • Redcoats pushed to Concord, but forced to retreat back to Boston due to the minutemen, suffering hundreds of casualties • THESE WERE THE FIRST SHOTS OF THE REVOLUTION!

  11. The Siege of Boston • After Lexington and Concord, 15,000 militia from all over New England surround Boston

  12. Fort Ticonderoga • Plan: Capture the British fort, Fort Ticonderoga • May 10, 1775: Ethan Allen led his backwoods fighters “Green Mountain Boys” to capture the fort and its artillery • The Second Continental Congress met in Philly one month after Lexington and Concord

  13. Second Continental Congress • There was no real sentiment for independence at the time! • Hoped the fighting would force the King and Parliament to address the concerns and complaints of the colonists!

  14. America’s government during the War Delegates: John Adams, Sam Adams, Ben Franklin, George Washington, Patrick Henry Second Continental Congress

  15. Measures Adopted • Raise $$$ • Create an army and navy • Washington chosen to lead the fight

  16. George Washington • Washington was chosen as commanding general and serves without pay during the war

  17. George Washington • Tall, powerfully built, dignified, blue-eyed • Leadership skills and strength in character • Great moral leader: People trusted him! • Virginia planter: from the largest and most populous colony • Wealthy from inheritance and marriage

  18. Battle of Bunker Hill • Boston, June 1775 Militiamen at Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill • British decide to attack • General Howe crossed the bay with 2,200 soldiers and set Charlestown on fire • Climb Breed’s Hill toward the Americans

  19. Charles Town on Fire

  20. Bunker Hill • The British attack and climb the hill towards the Americans • Colonel William Prescott “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!” • British fell back, charged again and took the hill • Redcoats win the battle, BUT lose 1,000 killed or wounded • Colonials had held there own against the most powerful army in the world!

  21. Olive Branch Petition • Last ditch effort for peace • Congress drafts the petition stating their loyalty to King George III and asks for peace • Announced new measures • British would blockade American ports, prevent their ships from leaving • Would send thousands of Hessians, paid German soldiers to fight

  22. Soldiers • British: Well-trained and equipped • Americans: Little training, poorly equipped, little gunpowder

  23. Canada • Summer 1775, Washington arrives at a militia camp near Boston • He approves a plan to invade Canada at Quebec • Hoped to draw Canadians into the cause • Benedict Arnold: One of the leaders & an officer who played a major role at Ticonderoga • Fails

  24. British Retreat From Boston • Cannons were being hauled from Fort Ticonderoga • General Henry Knox led the troops and artillery to Boston • Cannons were positioned overlooking Boston • Americans threaten to bombard • Howe retreats March 17 with over 7,000 British troops in more than 100 ships

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