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Bioenergetics:

Bioenergetics:. How organisms get the energy to survive & reproduce DO NOW: Describe the difference between phototrophs and chemotrophs , as well as the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Unit 2: Bioenergetics.

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Bioenergetics:

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  1. Bioenergetics: How organisms get the energy to survive & reproduce DO NOW: Describe the difference between phototrophs and chemotrophs, as well as the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

  2. Unit 2: Bioenergetics • Bioenergetics: the study of energy flowing through and between living systems. • Areas of Study • Photosynthesis • Respiration • Aerobic • Anaerobic • Thermodynamics • Algae • Human Energy Use

  3. Entropy • 2nd Law of Thermodynamics: • In a closed system, entropy (disorder) increases • So how do living things remain so organized, and in fact increase the organization in and around themselves? • ENERGY. Living things use energy to prevent entropy from destroying them. • Living things are “negative entropy machines”

  4. Entropy and Energy ORDER Nonspontaneous Spontaneous Chaos Energy Released (ΔG < 0) Energy Required (ΔG > 0)

  5. Photosynthesis & Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 o2 Photosynthesis Respiration 6 Co2 + 6 H2O ATP Energy Produced Light Energy Required

  6. Order vs. Chaos Photosynthesis Respiration ATP Energy Produced Light Energy Required

  7. Critical Definitions • Photosynthesis : the process by which plants and other photoautotrophs store the energy of light as chemical energy in carbohydrates. • (Cellular) Respiration: the process by which animals and other chemotrophic organisms transform chemical energy stored in carbohydrates (or other sources) into available energy (ATP).

  8. Chemistry II Students… • Make a connection: • ΔG = ΔH – TΔS • Remember: Gibbs Free Energy always decreases in spontaneous reactions. • In other words, when ΔG is negative, reactions happen without the input of work. • Gibbs Free energy change when breaking down glucose = -2870 kJ/mol

  9. Redox Reactions • Reducing carbon (adding more H to it) requires energy (i.e. photosynthesis) • Oxidizing carbon (adding more O to it) releases energy (i.e. combustion)

  10. Bioenergetic Chemistry

  11. Organisms • Along with bioenergetics, we will also study the true algae: unicellular Eukaryotic photoautotrophs.

  12. Chlorophyta: green algae

  13. Phaeophyceae: Brown algae

  14. Rhodophyta: Red Algae

  15. Human Ecology & Energy Use

  16. Human Energy Use

  17. Consequences

  18. In Conclusion • 2 key definitions today: photosynthesis & respiration • 4 major sections to the unit: • Photosynthesis • Cellular Respiration • Algae • Human Energy Use

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