Solarview Scene 2 & 3

1. Solarview Scene 2 & 3 Dr. DeLoney 2014

2. Standards/Elements S6E1: Students will explore current scientific view of the universe and how those views evolved • a. Relate the Nature of Science to the progression of basic historical scientific theories (geocentric and heliocentric) as they describe our solar system and the Big Bang as it describes the formation of the universe. • EQ: What was the shape of the planets orbit discovered by Kepler and how do the planets stay in orbit?

3. Homework Monday • Complete Learning Issues for scene 2 • Complete workbook pages 347-350 Tuesday • Complete Learning Issues for scene 3 • Complete Distributed strategy “Letter from Galileo” • Complete workbook pages 351-356 Wednesday • Workbook pages 377-380 • Extra credit on Edmodo Thursday • Vocabulary Vertical Folded Foldable word, example, definition: nebulae, solar nebulae, big bang, galaxy, comets, moons, Asteroids • Workbook pages 381-384

4. Learning Goals • SWBAT identify geocentric theory. • SWBAT explain geocentric theory. • SWBAT identify heliocentric theory. • SWBAT explain heliocentric theory.

5. Scene 2 Characters • Narrator 2, • Galileo Galilei • Galileo’s Mother

6. SCENE 2: Italy, Year 1610 • Narrator 2: 100 years later waiting in the wings…One day Galileo, an Italian mathematician, scientist, and inventor was looking through his telescope and made an interesting discovery. • Galileo: Well, Jupiter looks great tonight! It seems so far away. I wonder what life would be like on Jupiter. Hmm… Maybe I should invent a way to get to Jupiter! Wait, what are those things moving around it? Ma, come over here! • Galileo’s Mother: What do you want Galileo? • Galileo: Look through the telescope! I think there might be Moons moving around Jupiter! It that’s true, I bet the moon moves around us, and that must mean that we move around the Sun! Copernicus was right all along! • Galileo’s Mother: Well that’s impossible. You know that everyone thinks that the Earth is the center of the universe.

7. Scene 2 Box Chart

8. Complete the Box Chart for scene 2 • Mark the text of the facts to solve the problem • Circle new words, add them to your learning issues. • Begin your learning issues with: who, what, where, when, why • Form a hypothesis • What resources will you use

9. Box chart scene 2: Facts • 100 years later had passed. • Galileo, an Italian mathematician, scientist, and inventor was looking through his telescope and made an interesting discovery. • Jupiter looked great that night! • Jupiter seemed far away. • Galileo wonder what were the things moving around Jupiter.

10. Box chart scene 2: Facts cont. 6. Galileo thought that there might be Moons moving around Jupiter. 7. Galileo inferred that if moons moved around Jupiter, then he believed that moons moved around us (Earth). 8. Galileo inferred that we (Earth) moves around the Sun! 9. Galileo said, that Copernicus was right all along! 10. Galileo’s mother said, “that’s impossible. You know that everyone thinks that the Earth is the center of the universe.”

11. Cast members for scene 3 The Judge The Bailiff The Defense attorney The Prosecutor The Jurors The Narrator Galileo Galilei Johannes Kepler News Reporter

12. Solarview Scene 3 • Narrator 3: Galileo Galilei takes the stand and says, • Galileo: I support the heliocentric model of Copernicus. With the new invention of the telescope I have made two discoveries: • ● The first one is that revolving around Jupiter are four moons. • ● The second one is that Venus goes through phases similar to Earth’s moon. • Galileo : reasoned that the phases of Venus could not be explained if Earth were at the center of the systems of planets. So I state that Ptolemy’s geocentric system could not be correct! • Narrator 3: The court was in an uproar! This was totally against the popular churches teachings of that time. Galileo was taken from the courtroom, excommunicated from the Catholic Church, and placed under house arrest until his death. • Narrator 3: Johannes Kepler a German mathematician takes the stand.

13. Solarview Scene 3 • Johannes Kepler: For the last twenty years Astronomer Brahe has been observing the positions of the planets and I’ve been using my mathematical talents to figure out the exact orbit of Mars. Copernicus and Ptolemy thought that the orbits of the planets are circles. This is the only part of Copernicus model that I disagree with. I’ve discovered that orbit of each planet is an …. • Narrator 3: He was interrupted by the loud shouts of heresy of the court room spectators. • Several spectators wondered what was the shape of the planets orbit discovered by Kepler and how do the planets stay in orbit? • Narrator 3: Over 400 years later • News bulletin: February 12, 1990 Pope John Paul II said on behalf of the Catholic Church, we have forgiven Galileo and his model of the solar system is not in conflict with the teachings of the Church.

14. Box Charting Scene 3EQ: What is the shape of the planets orbit discovered by Kepler and how do the planets stay in orbit?

15. What are the problems we need to solve? • EQ: What is the shape of the planets orbit discovered by Kepler and how do the planets stay in orbit? • EQ: What are the phases of the Moon? • EQ: What are the phases of Venus?

16. Phases of Venus & Moon Sketches 1. On a blank sheet of paper sketch and label the two phases. 2. Next, write why they are alike or why they are different. 3. Next, who discovered this and what tool did he use? Use appropriate colors in sketches: • Venus’ phases in Ptolemy’s Model • Phases of the moon • Helpful links http://www.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro201/venus_phase.htm http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~huffman/venus.htm http://www.astro.umd.edu/resources/introastro/phases.html Moon Phases: http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases.phtml http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question3.html

17. What is Johannes Kepler: Laws of Planetary Motion? Read the articles to answer the question above. • http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/u6l4a.cfm • http://www.icr.org/article/3751/ • http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/kepler.html • Page 556 text

18. Why was the Geocentric Model of the Solar System Replaces by the Heliocentric model?

19. Video Clip of Models: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmwAr54L_pM • Animation of the Geocentric Model: http://bcs.whfreeman.com/universe7e/content/ch04/0403001.html • Animation of Heliocentric Model http://astro.unl.edu/naap/ssm/heliocentric.html

20. Distributed Summarizing • You are Galileo, write a letter to Copernicus’ ghost to tell him how Galileo has saved his name – be sure to include Galileo’s findings, how he fixed Copernicus’ reputation, and what the solar system has been proven to actually look like (which solar system model). The letter must be a minimum of 5 sentences.

21. Summarizing Strategy • 3 – Identify three people who have contributed to the models of our solar system • 2 - Describe two models that were debated for hundreds of years • 1 - Name of the theory that explains the formation of the universe

22. Learning Issues Review • Get in groups of four to share your learning issues for 5 minutes. • If there are differences, discuss them, come to an agreement. • Group share on random issues. • Glue you learning issues on page 26 • Sketch a model of the two theories on page 25.

23. Homework • Complete learning issues for scene two. • Write closing remarks for the jurors on which view of the solar system is valid, explain why. Discuss the tools he used, who he is, where he’s from, etc. Be convincing and accurate! • Make a 3-D scaled model of the solar system view that is in alignment with our belief today. See rubric! • Use Styrofoam balls, string, paint, glitter, etc. be creative!

24. Complete Box Chart • Mark the text • For the facts to solve the problem • Circle new words, add them to your learning issues. • Begin your learning issues with: who, what, where, when, why • Form a hypothesis • What resources will you use

25. Research time • For each learning issue complete your research. • My website has the links under DeLoneys Webquest: • http://fc.dekalb.k12.ga.us/~dericka_y_deloney

26. Closing • Compare and contrast the solar system as viewed by Copernicus and today. Discuss the differences. • Present closing remarks to the jury (the class). The jury is to make a verdict based on the evidence you present.

27. Phases of Venus

28. The Phases of Venus

29. Resources:Scene 1 • Nicolaus Copernicus • http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/copernicus.html • Starchild home page: http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/StarChild.html • Geocentric vs Heliocentric • http://media.nasaexplores.com/lessons/04-210/5-8_2.pdf • http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm • The Copernican Model: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/copernican.html • Solar System Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_system • http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006011205715 • Animated model of both theories: • http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~zhu/ast210/both.html • Astronomy and the Universe • http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/the_universe/uts/timeline.html • Ptolomy’s Model: • http://www.umich.edu/~geo113/113/outl1.html • Views of the Universe: http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/basics/g37/index.php • Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model: http://astro.unl.edu/naap/ssm/animations/ptolemaic.html • Heliocentric Model: http://astro.unl.edu/naap/ssm/heliocentric.html

30. Resources Scene 2 • Galileo Galilei • http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/galileo.html • Telescopes from the ground up: • http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup/ • Sir Isaac Newton: http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/newton.html • Tycho Brache: http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/brahe.html • Johannes Kepler: The Laws of Planetary Motion • http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/kepler.html • Who’s Who in Space: http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/whos_who.html

31. Ptolemy’s Model of the Solar System • Ptolemy’s theory is known as the Geocentric Model because he thought the Earth was the center of the universe • In Greek, “Geo” meansEarth • He believed his theory for several reasons: • Gravity of all objects were attracted to the earth, which suggested to him that the Earth must be the center. • He thought the Earth did not move because objects fell in the same place if thrown up in the air. He thought if the earth moved, objects would fall in a different place.

32. Copernicus’ Model of the Solar System • Copernicus’ theory is called the Heliocentric Theory because he thought the sun was the center of the universe. • In Greek, “helios” means sun • Galileo made additional observations using a telescope which supported the heliocentric theory. • Galileo observed that Venus went through a full cycle of phase’s like the Moon. This could only be explained if Venus were orbiting the Sun.

33. How and when did the universe begin? After all, no one was around when the universe began, so who can say what really happened? The best that scientists can do is work out the most foolproof theory, backed up by observations of the universe.

34. The Big Bang Theory The most commonly accepted theory today of the formation of the universe is the Big Bang Theory. The theory states that the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from an enormous explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature.

36. The Big Bang Theory Demonstration[see resources]

37. Visualization of the Big Bang http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0401/es0401page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

38. the Big Bangvideo clip[see resources for examples]

39. In spite of its problems, the Big Bang is still considered by most astronomers to be the best theory we have. As with any scientific hypothesis, however, more observation and experimentation are needed to determine its credibility.

40. Distributed Summarizing Turn to a partner and describe the Big Bang Theory and why it is called a Theory.

41. another theory about the universe… • Big Bang theorists claim that all of the galaxies, stars, and planets still hold the explosive motion of the moment of creation and are moving away from each other at great speed. • In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble announced that all of the galaxies he had observed were moving back from us, and from each other, at speeds of up to several thousand miles per second. • Since the Big Bang explosion, they reason, the universe has been expanding.

42. Astronomers use the analogy of cooking raisin bread to demonstrate the expanding universe

43. the Universe After its Big Bang… • The Universe includes living things, planets, stars, galaxies, dust clouds, light, and even time. • The Universe contains billions of galaxies, each containing millions or billions of stars. The space between the stars and galaxies is largely empty. • So, if the universe supposedly was formed by the Big Bang, how did these other objects form?

44. the Universe After its Big Bang… As millions of years passed, the dense areas of the universe pulled in material because they had more gravity. Finally, about 100 million years after the Big Bang, the gas became hot and dense enough for the first stars to form. Large clusters of stars soon became the first galaxies. Scientists believe that Solar Systems formed in similar ways. Giant clouds of dust and gas began to collapse under the weight of its own gravity. As it did so, the matter contained within it began to move in a giant circle, much like the water in a drain moves around the center of the drain in a circle. In short, after the Big Bang, dense clouds of gas and dust from the “bang” either collapsed or stuck together to form the parts of the universe we know today. Further away from the center of this mass where the star was forming, there were smaller clumps of dust and gas that were also collapsing. The star in the center eventually ignited forming our Sun, while the smaller clumps became the planets, minor planets, moons, comets, and asteroids. At the center of this spinning cloud, a small star began to form. This star grew larger and larger as it collected more and more of the dust and gas that collapsed into it.

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