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The Cell

The Cell. Structure and Function. Recall the Cell Theory. 1. The cell is the basic unit of life 2. All living things are composed of one or more cells 3. All cells come from other cells. Types of Cells. Prokaryotes Have no nucleus or organelles Ex: Bacteria Eukaryotes

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The Cell

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  1. The Cell Structure and Function

  2. Recall the Cell Theory • 1. The cell is the basic unit of life • 2. All living things are composed of one or more cells • 3. All cells come from other cells

  3. Types of Cells • Prokaryotes • Have no nucleus or organelles • Ex: Bacteria • Eukaryotes • Have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles • Ex: Cheek Cell (Human)

  4. Types of Living Things • Unicellular • Composed of only one cell • Multicellular • Composed of many cells

  5. Animal Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Vacuole Plant Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplast Basic Structures

  6. Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Body Mitochondria Cilia Flagella Specialized Organelles

  7. Ribosome • Function: Build protein out of amino acids • Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm • Some ribosomes are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

  8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • There are two types of ER: • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

  9. RER • Ribosomes are attached to it, giving it a rough appearance • Transports the proteins that are made by the ribosomes to other parts of the cell • Helps produce cell membranes

  10. SER • Smooth appearance because there are no ribosomes attached to it • Have an enzyme that breaks down toxins like alcohol • Help produce lipids

  11. Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus) • The RER brings proteins here • Sorts and sends proteins to their proper destinations outside of the cell

  12. Mitochondria • Breaks down organic molecules (glucose) to make ATP for energy • ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) is an energy-storing molecule; your body can break it down quickly when energy is needed • There are a lot of mitochondria in the muscles and heart because they need lots of energy

  13. Centriole • Only present when the cell is dividing • Play an important role in cell reproduction

  14. Cilia Flagella • Enable unicellular organisms to move • Cilia is hairlike, flagella is like a tail • In multicellular organisms: • Cilia found in the windpipe move mucus out of the lungs • Flagella help sperm move

  15. Study Resources: • www.cellsalive.com • Interactive organelle review! • Take a quiz and get your score! • http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab3/biolab3_2.html • View pictures of cells under a microscope!

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