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Bellringer

Bellringer. Define “air pollution”. What types of things count as “air pollution”? What does polluted air look like? What do you think is the biggest source of air pollution in cities?. #15 - What Causes Air Pollution? Section 12.1. Objectives:

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • Define “air pollution”. • What types of things count as “air pollution”? • What does polluted air look like? • What do you think is the biggest source of air pollution in cities?

  2. #15 - What Causes Air Pollution? Section 12.1 Objectives: Name 5 primary air pollutants, and give sources for each. Name the 2 major sources of air pollution in urban areas. Describe how smog forms.

  3. Define “air pollution” • When harmful substances build up in the air to unhealthy levels. • Human activities • Natural sources • Compare cigarette smoke and pollution (Lanzhou, China) • Cigarette manufacturers vs. industries – legal responsibilities

  4. Primary and Secondary Pollutants • Primary pollutants: a pollutant put directly into the air by human activity (EX: soot from smoke) • Secondary pollutant: forms when a primary pollutant comes into contact with other primary pollutants or with naturally occurring substances, such as water vapor, and a chemical reaction takes place (EX: ground-level ozone formed from vehicle emissions reacting with UV rays and mixing with oxygen)

  5. What color is polluted air? • Primary Air Pollutants (Table 1, p.304)

  6. Sources of Primary Air Pollutants (Fig.1, p.303)

  7. Smog • Definition: pollution that hangs over urban areas and reduces visibility • Smog is formed when: • Car emissions combine with sunlight and air to form ozone. • Car emissions + ozone = smog • What is the importance of ozone alerts? • “Valley of the Smokes” - LA

  8. Temperature Inversion • How does temperature change with elevation? • When warm air rises, it carries air pollutants with it, removing them from air at the surface. • Temperature inversion: the air above is warmer than the air below. • The warmer air above traps the cooler air (and pollutants) at the surface.

  9. Reducing Air Pollution • King Edward II (1273): “Off with his head!” • What attempts can you think of that have been used to try to reduce air pollution?

  10. Regulating Motor Vehicle Emissions • Clean Air Act (1970; 1990) • EPA regulates vehicle emissions • Leaded gasoline • Zero-Emission Vehicle Programs • Electric vehicles • Advanced battery vehicles • Hydrogen fuel • Partial zero-emissions vehicles

  11. Industrial Air Pollution • How do factories and power plants make electricity? • Power plants the produce electricity ALSO produce 2/3 of all sulfur dioxide and 1/3 of all nitrogen oxides that pollute the air. • Clean Air Act requires many industries to “scrub” or filter their emissions – spray the gases with water to dissolve pollutants.

  12. Group Discussion • How do you contribute to air pollution? • At what point would the level of air pollutants be high enough for you to take action? • Should automobile makers be made to adhere to quotas of zero-emission vehicles set by states, even if the quota causes automakers to lose revenues? Support your stand.

  13. Review • On the board, list as many causes of air pollution as possible. • Exit Slip Assignment: Place the causes in the appropriate category. (NOTE: Causes may fall into more than one category.): • Industrial and Commercial • Transportation • Noncommercial

  14. KNOW FOR TEST!!! • Section Review questions 1-4 (p.308)

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