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Ginseng

Ginseng. Ginseng botanical preparations from species of genus Panax Chinese/Korean Panex ginseng American Panex quinquefolium Siberian Elutherococcus senticosus Commercial preps contain not less than 7% ginsenosides. Ginseng. Ginseng botanical preparations from species of genus Panax

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Ginseng

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  1. Ginseng • Ginseng botanical preparations from species of genus Panax • Chinese/Korean Panex ginseng • American Panex quinquefolium • Siberian Elutherococcus senticosus • Commercial preps contain not less than 7% ginsenosides

  2. Ginseng • Ginseng botanical preparations from species of genus Panax • Chinese/Korean Panex ginseng • American Panex quinquefolium • Siberian Elutherococcus senticosus • Commercial preps contain not less than 7% ginsenosides

  3. Ginseng:Pharmacological effects • Stimulation of immune function • Antiinflammatory, antiplatelet • Vasoregulation, Energizing • Antistress, analgesia • Anticancer • neuroprotective

  4. Ginseng: adverse effects • Weak estrogenic, vaginal bleeding, mastalgia • CNS stimulation (insomnia, nervousness) • Hypertension (at >3 g/qd Panex ginseng)(methyl xanthines?) • Interactions: phenylzin, lithium, neuroleptics, immunosuppressants • warfarin • Estrogens?

  5. Ginseng: Dosing • German Commission E recommends 1-2 g/qd of Panex ginseng root or equivalent • 200 mg of extract = 1g of root • Ginsana is the standard use for clinical trials in USA

  6. Ginseng and the Common Cold • A year study by the University of Alberta. • COLD-fX. • There were 323 adults in study age 18 to 65 and had a history of at least two "upper respiratory infections" (i.e. colds) in the past year. • They were instructed to take two capsules per day of either COLD-fX or a placebo during a four-month period during the winter of 2003-04. • Users got 26 per cent fewer colds than those who didn't use COLD-fX. • Those who did get a cold were 56 per cent less likely to get a second one.

  7. Ginseng • Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is capable of modulating several of the key biochemical events important in the initiation and progression of Parkinson’s Disease. • Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been shown to directly scavenge free radicals (Kitts et al., 2000) • Prolonged administration of ginseng activates endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and glutathione in vivo (Gillis, 1997). • Ginseng prevents neuronal cell loss in models of ischemia (Wen et al., 1996), hypoxia (Seong & Kim, 1997), glutamate toxicity (Kim et al., 1998), and ALS (Gillis, 1997). • Ginseng inhibits dopaminergic depletions induced by methamphetamine in vivo (Oh et al., 1996). • In North America, PD occurs in 200 cases per 100,000 compared to 44 cases per 100,000 in Chinese cities where ginseng consumption is high (Tanner & Ben-Shlomo, 1999).

  8. Summary • The ginseng extract, G115, appears to provide extensive neuroprotection in two different rodent models of PD. • The ability of delayed ginseng treatment to provide neuroprotection suggests that blockade of neurotoxin uptake is not a critical mechanism. • Ginseng treatment may trigger changes in gene expression which persist following exposure. These may include changes in antioxidant processes or neurotrophin expression. • A further understanding of how ginseng prevents neuronal loss in these models may have profound implications for the treatment and prevention of PD.

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