The History of Medicine in The Twentieth Century

1. The History of Medicine in The Twentieth Century By: Cara white, Sarah Smith, Joseph miller, and josh planchard

2. Religion Twentieth Century = diversity of religion had the right to believe what they wanted Had their own different perspective of religion in the US The role of church dwindled significantly after the second World War People attended church less regularly and fewer residents claimed links with any religious denomination. Sunday became a day for family time and enjoyment rather than a day for attending church. By the end of the twentieth century, most people had no specific beliefs and therefore Sunday became just another day. Many of the shops opened on Sundays during the 1990s. Most sporting and social events were also held on a Sunday, making distractions as an alternative to church attendance.

3. Economics In the end of the 1920s and the beginning of the 1930s the Great Depression occurred. The Great Depression started on October 29, 1929, which was also called Black Tuesday. The Depression was a tragedy that put many Americans out of work. Stock prices plummeted with no thoughts of recovery, and panic struck. The stock market, which had appeared to be the surest way to become wealthy, quickly became the direction to bankruptcy. There were plenty of jobs in the 1900s including the farmers, but because of the Depression all of the jobs people had were lost. But after both of the World Wars jobs were obtained and it seemed to be the beginning of plenty prosperity for the citizens of the United Sates . The 1900s also was the continuation of the industrial revolution that started in the nineteenth century.

4. Politics During the twentieth century the United states was a democracy. Democracy allows people to participate in development and creation of laws. Some of the majors wars that happened in the twentieth century were both of the World Wars, The Cold War, The Korean War, and The Vietnam War. All of these wars had a significant impact on the medical field because when soldiers started getting hurt badly there was a greater demand for health attention. In the first World War in 1918 the flu pandemic spread across the world killing more than 130 million people most of which were soldiers because of their weak immune system due to malnourishment.

5. Sir Alexander Flemming Born on August 6, 1881 Death on March 11, 1955 Scottish bacteriologist that accidentally discovered penicillin on September 28, 1928. The main ingredient in the mould (penicillin) was an infection-fighting substance that became the greatest life-saving drug in the world, penicillin would change the treatment of bacterial infections for centuries. In the middle of the century the discovery made a pharmaceutical industry. Since penicillin was dicovered in 1928 in the beginning of the second World War it saved many of the soldiers from dying, and still continues to save lives in modern day.

6. Frederick Banting Born on November 14, 1891 Death on February21, 1941 Frederick Banting was a Canadian medical scientist, and doctor who discovered insulin in 1922. Banting believed insulin could control the metabolism of sugar; the lack of insulin led to an increase of sugar in the blood which was then excreted in urine. The most common kind of diabetes is type one, a disorder of the immune system that makes it difficult for the body to produce insulin. Without insulin, the body cannot make sugar from food into nutrients for cells.

7. Peter Safar Born on April 12, 1924 Death on August 2, 2003 In 1956, following the death of his daughter, Peter Safar came up with CPR (cardiopulmonary resusitation) with ABC (airway, breathing, circulation). He wanted to “save the harts and brains of those too young to die”. In 1958 he started the first intensive care unit In 1967 he organized Freedom House Enterprise Ambulance Service, one of the first EMS in the United States as well as developing the standards of education of EMT’s.

8. Christiaan Bernard Born on November 30, 1951 He is still living Christiaan Bernard was a South African cardiac surgeon who gave the first human heart transplant on December 3, 1967. He also gave the first kidney transplant in 1953. Barnard experimented first with animal heart transplants for many years before completing the nine hour operation assisted by his brother and a team of thirty people. The patient was Louis Washkansky who was a 54-year-old , suffering from diabetes and a heart disease. Although the operation was a success Louis died 18 days after the operation.

9. Extras 1906- Sir Frederick Hopkins suggest the existence of vitamins and concludes they are essential to health. 1937- Bernard Fantus started the first blood bank at Cook County Hospital. During world war two, Willem J. Kolff invented the artificial kidney and inspired the development of the artificial heart. 1952- Paul Zoll made the first pacemaker to regulate heartbeats. 1953- James Watson and Francis Crick at Cambridge University describe the structure of the DNA molecule. 1974- First Vaccine for Chicken Pox 1978- The First test-tube baby is born in the U.K. 1982- Robert Jarvik completed the design of Jarvik-7, the first artificial heart 1983- HIV was identified 1996- The sheep, Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell.