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Microbes and Diseases

Microbes and Diseases. (don’t write). All bacteria, some protists , and fungi are unicellular organisms. Together, these tiny organisms are called microbes. Characteristics of Living Things. All living things are composed of cells.

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Microbes and Diseases

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  1. Microbes and Diseases

  2. (don’t write) • All bacteria, some protists, and fungi are unicellular organisms. • Together, these tiny organisms are called microbes.

  3. Characteristics of Living Things • All living things are composed of cells. • All living things perform certain chemical processes such as growth and digestion. • All living things reproduce. • All living things either make their own nutrients or ingest nutrients from the environment. • All living things respond to stimuli such as light and touch.

  4. Disease • A disease is any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems. • Some diseases are caused by expose to certain chemicals in the environment. • Other diseases are caused by traits that are inherited. • Many disease are caused by pathogens, microbes that cause a disease.

  5. Disease • Noninfectious Disease – not spread from one organisms to another • Infectious Disease – disease caused by a pathogen

  6. Viruses • A virus is a particle that consists of a nucleic acid enclosed within a protein shell that requires a living cell in order to reproduce. • Viruses lack nearly all characteristics of life. • The shape of a virus is determined by the arrangement of the proteins in its capsid. (Capsid is the protective shell around the virus cell.)

  7. Diseases caused by VIRUSES • Viruses cause disease by either damaging or killing cells. • A virus attaches to a healthy cell and then injects DNA or RNA into the cell. • A mutagen is anything that changes the DNA of an organism. A virus can be a mutagen because it inserts its own genes into the cell’s DNA.

  8. Diseases caused by VIRUSES • Flu • Polio • Smallpox • Yellow Fever • Measles • AIDS • Some types of cancer are caused by viruses. For example, cervical cancer is associated with exposure to the human papilloma virus (HPV)

  9. Bacteria • Bacteria are commonly referred to as prokaryotes (no nucleus). • Bacteria are organisms. • Bacteria are named after their shapes. Draw: Coccus Bacillus Spirillum

  10. Classifying Bacteria • Bacteria are classified into 2 kingdoms • Archaebacteria (can survive without oxygen) • Eubacteria (ancient prokaryotes)

  11. Diseases caused by BACTERIA • Many diseases caused by bacteria have been brought under control with the help of antibiotics. • Antibiotic Resistant – Bacteria that have developed a resistance are no longer killed by antibiotics.

  12. Disease caused by BACTERIA • Food poisoning • Leprosy • Lyme disease • Stomach ulcers • Pneumonia • Tuberculosis • Typhoid fever

  13. Protists and Fungi • Protists are eukaryotes (have nucleus and membrane bound organelles) • Kingdom Fungi includes both single-celled and multi-celled organisms. • Fungi are not able to make their own food.

  14. Protists and Fungi • Some fungi act as decomposers. • Decomposers digest matter in the environment and then take the matter they use as food into their own cells • Other fungi act as parasites. • Parasites feed on the body fluids and tissues of other organisms.

  15. Diseases caused by MICROBES List 4 facts about each of the following diseases on the LEFT side of your notebook. • Malaria • Giardiasis • African Trypanosomiasis • Amoebiasis

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