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Heat

Holt Physics, Chapter 10. Heat. Defining Temperature. Feeling hot or cold Need a more precise definition for how “hot” or “cold” something is. Adding or removing energy usually changes the temperature of an object. Temperature is proportional to the average KE of the atoms or molecules.

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Heat

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  1. Holt Physics, Chapter 10 Heat

  2. Defining Temperature • Feeling hot or cold • Need a more precise definition for how “hot” or “cold” something is.

  3. Adding or removing energy usually changes the temperature of an object. • Temperature is proportional to the average KE of the atoms or molecules

  4. Internal energy – energy of a substance due to the random motion of its component particles. • Equals to the total energy of those particles. • Symbol for internal energy: U • Temperature is meaningful only when it is stable • Warm fruit juice, cold beaker of water • Thermal equilibrium – state in which two bodies in contact with each other have identical temperatures. • It’s how a thermometer works!

  5. Matter expands as its temperature increases. • Called thermal expansion • Coefficient of thermal expansion • Peculiarity of water • The expansion of liquids can be used to measure temperature.

  6. Measuring Temperature • Make use of a physical change that corresponds to a change in temperature. • Volume of a gas or liquids • Pressure of a gas at a fixed volume • Most common thermometers • Mercury, colored alcohol, or mineral spirits

  7. Calibrating a thermometer requires fixed temperatures. • Ice point: 0 oC • Steam point: 100 oC • Temperature units depend on the scale used. • Most widely used today are the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin (or absolute) scales. • Celsius and Fahrenheit: differ in ice point and degree size • Celsius and Kelvin: differ in ice point only, degree size same • Celsius and Fahrenheit can be positive, negative, and zero values

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