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Do Now:. Ready to play a review game?. League of Nations. Great Depression. Hitler’s Germany. Stalin’s Russia. Mussolini’s Italy. Imperial Japan. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 2 00. 2 00. 2 00. 2 00. 2 00. 2 00. 300. 300. 300. 300. 300. 300. 4 00. 4 00. 4 00. 4 00.

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  1. Do Now: Ready to play a review game?

  2. League of Nations Great Depression Hitler’s Germany Stalin’s Russia Mussolini’s Italy Imperial Japan 100 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500

  3. League of Nations100 What was the League of Nations and what was its purpose?

  4. League of Nations100 What was the League of Nations and what was its purpose? • The League of Nations was an international cooperative organization. • Its purpose was to prevent future wars.

  5. League of Nations200 Was the United States a member of the League of Nations?

  6. League of Nations200 Was the United States a member of the League of Nations? • No

  7. League of NationsBonus - 100 Why not?

  8. League of NationsBonus - 100 Why not? • The United States wanted to remain isolationists. They did not want to be part of an alliance that would drag them into European affairs. If the U.S. chooses to intervene, it would be their choice and not because of the League.

  9. League of Nations300 Which countries fell under the guidance of Great Britain as a result of the Mandate System?

  10. League of Nations300 Which countries fell under the guidance of Great Britain as a result of the Mandate System? • Iraq • Transjordan • Palestine

  11. League of Nations400 Which countries fell under the guidance of France as a result of the Mandate System?

  12. League of Nations400 Which countries fell under the guidance of France as a result of the Mandate System? • Lebanon • Syria

  13. League of Nations500 What was the purpose of the Mandate System?

  14. League of Nations500 What was the purpose of the Mandate System? • The Ottoman Empire collapsed as a result of the Great War and some of their territories needed guidance in establishing themselves as independent nations. • So the Mandate System placed these territories under the control of well-established and well-resourced nations to help them achieve independence.

  15. Great Depression100 What effects did the Great War have on Europe and the United States after the war?

  16. Great Depression100 What effects did the Great War have on Europe and the United States after the war? • Europe had been destroyed. Homes lost; farms lost; industries lost. • The United States took over many European markets, such as agriculture, and prospered.

  17. Great Depression200 Why were the “Roaring 20s” only an illusion of prosperity?

  18. Great Depression200 Why were the “Roaring 20s” only an illusion of prosperity? • While the nation’s (US) wealth more than doubled in the decade following the war, most Americans did not benefit from that prosperity. • Many Americans were poor; the success of those that were not poor was based largely on credit, which is unstable because it is not money.

  19. Great Depression300 What are tariffs, what is their purpose, and how did they affect the Great Depression?

  20. Great Depression300 What are tariffs, what is their purpose, and how did they affect the Great Depression? • Tariffs are taxes placed on imports. • Tariffs boost up the home market against the competition of foreign markets. • Unfortunately, the tariffs slowed American markets overseas (in retaliation for America slowing European markets in the US). • Because Americans were not buying European goods, it created for Europe a slow market. • Slow markets make it very difficult for countries to get out of depressions.

  21. Great Depression400 How did the nature of the stock market in the 1920s lead to the Stock Market Crash in 1929?

  22. Great Depression400 How did the nature of the stock market in the 1920s lead to the Stock Market Crash in 1929? • Many bought stocks on margin, which was a risk since a drop in the stock’s value could cause its owner to owe more on the stock than what it was worth. • Stocks were frequently bought and traded which fluctuated the value of the stocks. • This created a very unstable market.

  23. Great DepressionBonus - 200 When was “Black Tuesday” and what was its significance?

  24. Great DepressionBonus - 200 When was “Black Tuesday” and what was its significance? • October 29, 1929 • This was the day the Stock Market crashed. This set off the Great Depression.

  25. Great Depression500 Why did the world experience depression in the 1930s? Explain the 5 causes of the depression.

  26. Great Depression500 Why did the world experience depression in the 1930s? Explain the 5 causes of the depression. • German Reparations – the “War Guilt” clause of the Treaty of Versailles placed sole blame of the Great War upon Germany and therefore made her pay for the damages of the war, which amounted to about $5 billion. Unfortunately, Germany had to recover from the war as well, which made money scarce. • Expansion of production capacities and dominance of the United States in the global economy – Businesses in the United States expanded production to meet the increased demand from Europe. Unfortunately, when European businesses recovered, demand of U.S. goods decreased, leading to the closings of many businesses who were unable to pay back the money they borrowed to increase their business after the war. • High protective tariffs – After European industry began to recover, European products re-entered the American market, creating unwanted competition for American goods. So in order to protect their home market, the U.S. government placed high tariffs on imported goods, which made European goods more expensive. This slowed the recovery of the European economy because it limited a market for their goods. • Excessive expansion of credit – investments in the U.S. economy were made on credit with the presumption that the economy would always do well. Unfortunately, whenever the economy dipped, panics ensued which created for a very unstable economy. If everyone only worked with credit, then no one had money. • Stock Market Crash of 1929 – Many people had most of their money invested in the stock market since it had reached all-time highs during the 1920s. Unfortunately, these highs were based not on actual value of the stock but on its movement between buyers and sellers, which fluctuated often since it happened often. So when the stock market plummeted to all time-lows in October 1929, people lost their money.

  27. Hitler’s Germany100 What was the Weimar Republic?

  28. Hitler’s Germany100 What was the Weimar Republic? • The name for the new German government after WWI.

  29. Hitler’s GermanyBonus - 50 Why was it called the “Weimar” Republic, rather than maybe the “Berlin” Republic, since Germany’s capital was in Berlin?

  30. Hitler’s GermanyBonus - 50 Why was it called the “Weimar” Republic, rather than maybe the “Berlin” Republic, since Germany’s capital was in Berlin? • Being the capital of Imperial Germany, Berlin had too much a negative association with the old regime. The new government wanted to get rid of that negative stigma. • Weimar was the city in which the constitutional convention took place.

  31. Hitler’s Germany200 Who were the Nazis and why did they want to dismantle the Weimar Republic?

  32. Hitler’s Germany200 Who were the Nazis and why did they want to dismantle the Weimar Republic? • The Nazis were a far-right political party. They were anti-Marxist, anti-liberals, anti-Semitic, and very nationalistic. • They wanted to dismantle the Weimar Republic because the new Weimar government surrendered in World War I, which undermined German pride and nationalism. • The Nazis wanted to create a new radical and strong state that could revive the “Spirit of 1914,” that was associated with German unity and nationalism.

  33. Hitler’s Germany300 Why was the Nazi Party not popular at first? How did they become popular?

  34. Hitler’s Germany300 Why was the Nazi Party not popular at first? How did they become popular? • The Nazis were not popular at first because Germany began to recover under the Weimar Republic. Why change government if it’s working fine? • However, when the depression hit in 1929, things were no longer fine and the people wanted change. • The Nazi Party offered the people a change – a change that brought back pride and nationalism… and the “Spirit of 1914.”

  35. Hitler’s Germany400 How did Hitler take control of the Weimar Republic? How did he maintain control?

  36. Hitler’s Germany400 How did Hitler take control of the Weimar Republic? How did he maintain control? • As head of the Nazi Party, Hitler used propaganda to win more seats in the Reichstag. • In 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor, which put him a stronger position of power, but not quite dictator yet. In order to declare “temporary dictatorship,” an emergency was needed. • An emergency presented itself later that year when the Reichstag was set on fire. • Blaming Communists, Hitler took advantage of this opportunity to declare himself “temporary dictator,” after which he then declared himself permanent dictator with the Enabling Act. • Hitler maintained control by getting rid of all opposition, both in government and in society.

  37. Hitler’s Germany500 Discuss at least five ways which Hitler used to build up the German nation.

  38. Hitler’s Germany500 Discuss at least five ways which Hitler used to build up the German nation. • Hitler established public works projects that lowered unemployment. • Hitler pushed forth public education. • Hitler advocated for a healthy lifestyle and the pursuit of large families – to build a stronger German nation. • Hitler even built the first highway system in Germany – the Autobahn. • Hitler also began pushing rearmament and slowly built up the German military.

  39. Stalin’s Russia100 By what name was Russia referred to after the Bolshevik Revolution?

  40. Stalin’s Russia100 By what name was Russia referred to after the Bolshevik Revolution? • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

  41. Stalin’s Russia200 Who took control of the USSR after the death of Lenin? Why did it take him 4 years to take control?

  42. Stalin’s Russia200 Who took control of the USSR after the death of Lenin? Why did it take him 4 years to take control? • Josef Stalin • It took 4 years because he was fighting against Leon Trotsky, another disciple of Lenin, for control.

  43. Stalin’s Russia300 Explain Stalin’s rural proletariat. Why was this a war on the peasants?

  44. Stalin’s Russia300 Explain Stalin’s rural proletariat. Why was this a war on the peasants? • Stalin forced the collectivization of Russia’s farms (War Communism). Since Russia was not industrialized enough to have a proletariat class to lead the people to communism, Stalin used what he had – farmers. • By collectivizing the farms, he turned it into an industry, thereby turning the farmers into a rural proletariat. • But just like under Lenin, the farmers did not want their farms to be collectivize and so they fought back. Unfortunately for them, Stalin dealt with them very harshly. And the collectivized farms were poorly run so many people died from starvation.. • After 9 years, 90% of farms were collectivized with 100 million farmers… and 14 million dead.

  45. Stalin’s Russia400 Explain Stalin’s Five Year Plans.

  46. Stalin’s Russia400 Explain Stalin’s Five Year Plans. • Stalin had 3 Five Year Plans that would turn Russia into a communist country. • The first five years were spent on industrializing Russia. Industrialization increased by 250%. • The second five years focused on improving the quality of industrialization as well as making sure that everyone had what they needed. • The third five years focused on militarization – building up defenses.

  47. Stalin’s RussiaBonus - 200 What were the Great Purges?

  48. Stalin’s RussiaBonus - 200 What were the Great Purges? • The Great Purges were Stalin’s attempt at getting rid of all opposition through execution or exile.

  49. Stalin’s Russia500 How did the NEP differ from War Communism?

  50. Stalin’s Russia500 How did the NEP differ from War Communism? • War Communism was Lenin’s attempt to quickly turning Russia communist. Under War Communism, Lenin eliminated private ownership of all land to collectivize the farming industry. • He nationalized all private businesses, including banks, nationalized all transportation, like railways and shipping, and restricted the money economy. • Unfortunately it was too much communism too soon. The people did not want to give up their newly acquired land nor did they want to be forced to work in factories and businesses for the “good of Mother Russia.” • So Lenin eased up on communism and came up with the NEP – New Economic Policy. While still eliminating private ownership of land, if farmers wanted to sell their surplus on the market, they could, albeit after a tax. • Small businesses could be privately owned. • With the NEP, Lenin hoped the people could be eased in to communism.

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