Unit One Review

1. Unit One Review English IV

2. Kenning • Metaphorical compounds words or phrases substituted for simple nouns • Example: Whale’s home—ocean • Giver of gold—king

3. Archetype • A pattern in literature that is found in a variety of works from different cultures throughout the ages. It can be a plot, a character, an image, or a setting, for example, association of death and rebirth with winter and spring is an archetype of many cultures.

4. Epic Poem • A long narrative poem on a serious subject (like good vs. evil) presented in an elevated or formal style. • Traces the adventures of a hero whose actions consist of courageous and even superhuman deeds • Often represent the ideals and values of a nation or race • Typically address universal issues, such as good vs. evil, life and death, sin and redemption • Example: Beowulf

5. Epic Hero • Larger than life figure who embodies ideals of nation or race • Take part in dangerous adventures and accomplish great deeds • Undertake long, difficult journeys • Display great courage and superhuman strength

6. Tone • Author’s attitude toward his subject, his characters, or his audience • Examples: Serious, sincere, cheerful, condescending, humorous, depressed, guilty, matter-of-fact

7. Direct characterization • When a writer directly states what a character is like. • When a writer tells the reader what to make of a character. • Example: James was a wonderful person. Everybody loved him.

8. Indirect Characterization • When a writer reveals information about a character and his personality through that character’s thoughts, words, and actions, along with how other characters respond to that character. A character is described, but it is left to the reader to decide what the description says about him or her. • Example: James rescued a dog from a pile of rubble after an old barn collapsed. The dog follows him everywhere, now, even to the soup kitchen where James volunteers on the weekends.

9. Alliteration • Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words. • Example: Savannah said that Simon sounded sad on Saturday.

10. Similes • Simile: Comparison using like or as Examples: He was as happy as a lark. The sea was as smooth as glass. She sang like an angel.

11. Metaphors • Comparison without using like or as. Describing one thing in terms of another. • The snow was a clean white sheet. • The children were black canvases. • His legs were rubber. • It’s raining cats and dogs.

12. Proposals and Abstracts • Purpose of a business abstract: To provide readers with a clear summary of the project, including the reasoning behind it (research) and how it will be carried out • Includes main point (thesis statement) • Summary of research • Plan of action or intent • Conclusion

13. Business Letters • Purpose: To carry on formal business correspondence • Examples: a cover letter, filing a formal complaint, propose a business endeavor, to introduce yourself to new clients, to define a problem and propose a solution First step: Identify your audience and your purpose to determine how to write your letter

14. Components of a Business Letter • Sender’s Address • Date • Recipient’s Address • Salutation • First paragraph (Introduction) • Friendly greeting • State main point (but don’t go into detail yet) • Body • Supporting details to justify your purpose. • Background information, statistics, first hand accounts. • A few short paragraphs to support your reasoning. • Closing Paragraph • Restate your purpose and why it is important • If employment is your goal, consider ending with contact information • Thank the reader for his or her time • Use some closing like Sincerely, then leave a little space to sign your name. Type your name below (because handwritten signatures are often illegible

15. Format • Block format: Paragraphs are NOT indented, there is a space between them instead. • Format • Times New Roman 12 pt font • Single spaced • Text flush left • One inch margins • Proofread (it’s a good idea to wait a day between writing and sending a letter so you have time to look it over and make sure everything is correct.)

16. Job Interviews • Arrive early • Turn off cell phone, spit out gum • Dress appropriately • Greet the interviewer with a (firm) handshake and a smile. • Answer questions thoughtfully • Avoid saying you don’t know the answer to a question, instead, ask them to repeat the question or provide clarification, or for a moment to think of a response. • Avoid asking about pay during a job interview, it can make you seem solely concerned with money

17. Job Interview • After the interview you should: • Thank the interviewer for taking the time to speak with you. • Follow about a week later to see if they have come to a decision • Send a thank you card or letter to the interviewer, even if you didn’t get the job

18. Other things on the test • Editing skills (you will need to find and correct ten mistakes in a passage of text) • Basic reading comprehension of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime • Reading inference skills • Writing