ABC Book of Physical Science

1. ABC Book of Physical Science Bianca Villamar

2. Atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that keeps the chemical identity of the element. If a person were to cut a piece of gold to the point of where they cannot cut anymore, it would be considered an atom. If you were to cut the atom it would no longer be gold.

3. Bernoulli's principal • Bernoulli’s Principal is a relationship that describes energy conservation in a fluid. If friction is neglected, the total energy stays constant for any sample of fluid, thus where this principal takes place.

4. Carbohydrates • A carbohydrate is a group of energy-rich compounds that are made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that includes sugar and starches. They are also a type of organic molecule. Carbohydrates can be found in foods such as bread and pasta.

5. DNA • DNA is a type of nucleic acid that contains the genetic code for an organism. A DNA molecule is put together like a twisted ladder. Adenine pairs only with Thymine and Cytosine pairs only with Guanine. The base pairing is very significant to the structure of DNA.

6. Experimental variable • An experimental variable is the variable you change in an experiment. The variable people change is typically the variable you can freely manipulate. If you have a ramp and a car, the ramp would be the experimental variable because you change the height. The car wouldn’t change.

7. Fluid • A fluid is any matter that flows when force is applied. Liquids and gases are examples of fluids. Fluids are measured with density. Most materials are more dense in their solid phase than their liquid phase.

8. Gallium • Gallium is a metal that is located in the thirteenth column of the periodic table. It has an oxidation number of 3+ and is a strong electron acceptor. Gallium has one valence electron and an atomic number of 31.

9. Hydrogen Hydrogen is a non-metal that is located in the first column of the periodic table. It has an oxidation number of 1+ and is a strong electron donor. Hydrogen has one valence electron and an atomic number of 1. Hydrogen is one of the elements used to make water, H2O.

10. Iodine • Iodine is a Halogen that is located in the seventeenth column of the periodic table. It has an oxidation number of 1- and is a strong electron acceptor. Iodine has one valence electron and an atomic number of 53.

11. Joule • A joule is a unit of energy. One joule is enough energy to push with a force of 1 newton for a distance of one meter. A joule alone is not a lot of energy. That’s why an ordinary 100-watt electric light bulb uses 100 joules of energy each second.

12. Krypton • Krypton is an inert element that is located in the eighteenth column of the periodic table. It has an oxidation number of 0 and is a strong electron acceptor. Krypton has eight valence electrons and an atomic number of 36.

13. Lithium • Lithium is an Alkali metal that is located in the first column of the periodic table. It has an oxidation number of 1+ and is a strong electron donor. Lithium has one valence electron and an atomic number of 3.

14. matter • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter has three different states; solid, liquid, and gas. Matter in a solid state has both a definite volume and a definite shape. Matter in a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape. Matter in a gas has no definite shape or volume but takes shape of the container that surrounds it.

15. Nucleus • The nucleus is the tiny core at the center of an atom containing most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge. It makes up 99% of the atom’s mass.

16. Optics • Optics is the scientific study of light. The Physics study of Optics focuses on the genisis, nature, and properties of light.

17. Pascal’s law • Pascal’s Law states that pressure applied to a fluid at any time is transmitted without changing size throughout the whole fluid in all directions.