Immunology/Pharmacy Students Innate Immunity Lecture 4 Dr. Mohammad Odibate

1. Immunology/Pharmacy Students Innate Immunity • Lecture 4 Dr. Mohammad Odibate Department of Microbiology and immunology Faculty of Medicine, Mu’tah University

2. Objectives • To understand the meaning of the innate immune response • To study the different lines of the innate immune response • To understand the interaction between the different lines of the innate immune response • To study the association between NKs and innate immunity

3. Introduction Pathogens : disease causing organisms Bacteria Viruses Fungi parasites

4. Introduction Innate: Existing from the time a person or animal is born Inherent Native Natural

5. Introduction Immune system • Adaptive Immunity • - Specific to antigen • - Non-immediate response • Immunological memory • after exposure Innate Immunity - Non-specific, general - Immediate response - No immunological memory • Humoral Immunity: • Antibodies • Interleukins Cellular Immunity: - T cells - B cells First line defense: - External barriers Second line defense Humoral Immunity: - Complement - Interleukins - Enzymes Cellular Immunity: Phagocytes Natural killer cells

6. Levels of Immunity Third line defense Adaptive Immunity Second line defense First line defense Target Innate Immunity

7. Innate immunity • First line defense • External barriers • 1- Physical barriers • a. Skin • b. The mucous membranes stratum cornum

8. Innate immunity • First line defense • External barriers • 1- Physical barriers • c. Respiratory tract • c. Urinary tract

9. Innate immunity • First line defense • External barriers 2- Chemical barriers • The pH of different organs prevents the bacterial colonization: • Skin about 5,5 • Stomach between 1-3 • Vagina between 4,4-4,6

10. Innate immunity • First line defense • External barriers 3- Microbicidal barriers:

11. Innate immunity

12. Innate immunity Third line defense Adaptive Immunity Second line defense First line defense Target

13. Innate immunity Second line defense of the innate immune system Cellular Immunity: Phagocytes (phagocytosis) Natural killer cells Humoral Immunity: - Complement - Interleukins - Enzymes

14. Innate immunity Second line defense of the innate immune system Cellular Immunity: Phagocytes Natural killer cells Humoral Immunity: - Complement - Interleukins - Enzymes

15. Innate immunity Phases of immune response in the second line of the innate immune system products of injured cells Stimulate mast cells Lysozyme Defensins complement Histamine Interleukins Vasodilatation Monocyte

16. Innate immunity Phases of immune response in the second line of the innate immune system

17. Innate immunity Phagocytosis: A process by which a phagocytic cells engulf a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome Stages Recognition and attachment of microbes by phagocytes Ingestion Destruction Secretion of interleukins

18. Innate immunity Stages Phagocytosis: Recognition and attachment of microbes by phagocytes TLR recogizes pathogen associated molecular pattern Toll like receptor (TLR) Macrophage

19. Innate immunity Stages Phagocytosis: Recognition and attachment of microbes by phagocytes Gram positive Gram negative LPS LP TLR 1,2,6 TLR 4 promote bacterial phagocytosis This will produce signaling factors called interleukins

20. Innate immunity Stages Phagocytosis: 2. Ingestion 3. Digestion Phagosome Lysosome

21. Innate immunity Stages Phagocytosis: 4. Secretion of interleukins Interleukin-1: Increased vascular permeability Interleukin-6: - Production of acute phase proteins - Elevating body temperature (fever) Interleukin-12: - Activates NK cells - Influence lymphocyte differentiation