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(WARMUP) 1. How many covalent bonds can be formed by each of the elements below?

(WARMUP) 1. How many covalent bonds can be formed by each of the elements below? H O N Cl C 1 2 3 1 4 Carbon: 4 val e- so 4 bonds with other atoms bonds can be single, double, or triple

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(WARMUP) 1. How many covalent bonds can be formed by each of the elements below?

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  1. (WARMUP) 1. How many covalent bonds can be formed by each of the elements below? H O N Cl C 1 2 3 1 4 Carbon: • 4 val e- so 4 bonds with other atoms • bonds can be single, double, or triple • bonds are covalent and very stable, allowing carbon atoms to form long chains with branches or ring structures

  2. Organic Chemistry Nomenclature and Structure • The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) has developed a systematic system of naming. • Line structures simplify representations of organic compounds. • There are a number of functional groups that can be found on C-chains that make the process of naming and drawing a bit difficult

  3. ethane H3C-CH3 Most Eat PeanutButter ethene H2C=CH2 ethyne HC=CH 2. Name these 3 molecules

  4. JustFYI…..

  5. a b c 3. Write the formula for each structure above. Name each. All are isomers….they have the same formula: C6H14 Naming Rules Step 1:Does the structure have all single bonds? Yes. All are alkanes. They will all end in –ane. Step 2: What is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms? a. 6 (hex) b. 4 (but) c. 5 (pent) Step 3: Where is the multiple bond located? No multiple bonds.

  6. a b c Step 4: Which functional (alkyl) groups are attached to the longest chain? How many functional groups? Where are the functional groups? a. None b. two (use di) methyl groups (-CH3), 2 on carbon #2  “2,2-dimethyl” c.1 methyl group, 1 on carbon #3  “3-methyl” Step 5: Write the name of the compound using the information from steps 1 – 4. a. hexane b. 2,2-dimethylbutane c. 3-methylpentane

  7. 4. Name the compound shown. 2-ethylpropane is wrong! Naming Rules Step 1: All single bonds  alkanes. End is –ane. Step 2: Longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is 4  but Step 3: No multiple bonds. Step 4: methyl group attached to the second carbon Step 5:2-methylbutane H H H H – C – C – C – H • Common Error • Not using longest parent chain (Never use 1-methylsomething or 2-ethylsomething) H CH2 H CH3

  8. 5. Name the compound shown: Naming Rules Step 1:The structure has one double bond. Ends in -ene Step 2: The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is 4 (but) Step 3: The multiple bond is located between carbon 1 and carbon 2 (go with the lowest) Step 4: A chloro group on carbon 3, and 2 bromo groups on carbons 2 and 3. Step 5: Write the name of the compound using the information from steps 1 – 4. Alphabetical order! 2,3 dibromo-3-chloro-1-butene H Br Cl H Note that we # the carbons from whichever end results in the smallest numbers. C = C – C – C - H H Br H

  9. 2-chloro- 3-methyl 4-methyl- 6. Name the compounds shown. butane 2-pentyne 4-ethyl- 2-methyl heptane You need to indicate where the double or triple bond is RIGHT before the parent chain name. If there is a double or triple bond, start numbering near that end.

  10. Drawing Hydrocarbon Structures! 7. For the simplest three-carbon alkane, alkene, and alkyne: propene H H H H H H – C – C – C – H H – C = C – C – H H H H H H propane propyne a. Give the correct name b. Draw 1 possible structure for each. Include the hydrogen atoms. H H – C = C – C – H H You can draw them bent, with kinks as the C, and no H, or straight WITH C and H

  11. CH3 H CH2CH3 H H H H 8. Draw 4-ethyl-5,5dimethyl-2-nonyne H – C – C = C – C – C – C – C – C – C – H H H CH3 H H H H Common Error Giving a C less than or more than 4 bonds **Please use PENCIL on your assignments!

  12. Functional groups You don’t need to know how to name, only to IDENTIFY groups

  13. Functional groups Please change on your handout

  14. Functional groups

  15. 9. Identify (circle and name) the functional groups in the molecules below: Glutamic acid Valine methyl amine carboxylic acid alcohol (hydroxyl) ether aldehyde (carbonyl) Streptomycin (a TB antibiotic)

  16. Aromatic Compounds • named for their strong aroma (benzene is put gasoline so you can smell it). • other a.c include toluene, phenol, aspirin, TNT (trinitrogen toluene), naphthalene, furan • stabilized by resonance and lots of overlapping carbon p orbitals

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