Recommendations on enforcement With reference to Denmark

1. Recommendations on enforcementWith reference to Denmark • Inger Marie Bernhoft • Senor Researcher • Danish Transport Research Institute These problem areas are also high priority issues in Denmark

2. Recommendations on enforcementWith reference to Denmark • The aims • To change road user behaviour regarding • Speeding • Drunk driving • Seat belt use These problem areas are also high priority issues in Denmark

3. What do we know in Denmark about Speeding? • A Danish trial on automatic speed control • (200.000 violations) • The evaluation showed • a slight decrease in the mean speed • no significant decrease in the number of accidents with personal injuries • What can we do then? • increase the police effort in delimited areas • make the controls visible • increase the subjective detection risk

4. What do we know in Denmark about Drunk driving? • A former Danish road side survey showed • The problem areas are • highest proportions among drivers aged 35-54 • also drivers of vans • highest proportion of DUI in evenings and weekends • summertime worse than December • accident risk is dramatically increased for young people • What can we do then? • conduct controls in hours with low detection rates • inform about the controls as deterrence • introduce alcolocks

5. What do we know in Denmark about Seat belt usage? • Seat belt counting take place repeatedly • Changes from 2001 to 2003 • drivers of passenger cars – unchanged 84% • back seat passengers • an increase from 55% to 67% on workdays • an increase from 50% to 55% in weekends • drivers of small vans – a slight increase from 61% to 62% • What can we do then? • increase the police effort in periods and places with • a low seat belt usage • an overrepresentation of non-seat belt accidents • introduce seat belt locks

6. Why do we need enforcement? • The purpose of the action plan must be clearly defined • What do we want to obtain? • A change in • the mean speed • the proportion of drunk driving • the proportion of seat belt usage • A change in • the number of violations • A change in • the number of accidents/injuries/fatalities

7. What is the main aim of enforcement? • To reduce the number of accidents with personal injuries • How • By increasing the subjective detection risk • Controls in combination with information • Therefore • The police should be visible • Controls should be massive • People should experience to be stopped themselves • Result • Deterrence • Fewer accidents

8. How to set up an optimal enforcement plan? • Where? • 1. In high risk areas • 2. In locations where controls are not expected • Why? • 1. Accident reduction purposes • 2. Deterrence • The effect of enforcement depends on • The intensity of the controls • The visibility of the controls

9. Evaluation • Set up some hypotheses for the expected outcome • e.g. • The aim of enforcement • To obtain a certain accident reduction • How to evaluate • To measure the decrease in accidents related to the various enforcement themes

10. Proposed evaluation • A report each 2 years: • Equipment • Plans for controls (when, where, how many) • Violations • Sanctions (in court / other sanctions) • Protocols and procedures • Changes in rules • What is the purpose of this information? • The purpose must be clearly stated • Else no response

11. Proposed evaluation • Recommendation 2 • To evaluate regularly • It seems possible that this recommendation has been added at a later stage • All references to recommendation numbers in the annex are incorrect

12. Is this evaluation meaningful? • Missing information • Important indicators • Accident reduction • Changes in speed, drunk driving, seat belt use

13. In conclusion • - The topics are a good choice for enforcement • - But the recommendations are too vague • - They should reflect an overall strategy • Criteria for success • Expected outcome • Saved lives • - Feed back from the member countries should reflect • The degree of success • Actual outcome • Accident reduction