GLOBAL PROGRESS REPORT

1. GLOBAL PROGRESS REPORT 2012 on implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

2. Scopes of global progress report • Overall progress in implementation of the Convention • Implementation of the Convention by provisions • Prevalence of tobacco use and tobacco-related mortality • Priorities and challenges in implementing the Convention • Conclusions

3. Provides a global overview of the status of implementation of the Convention, on the basis of the 126 reports provided by the Parties in the 2012 reporting cycle; Tracks progress made in implementation of the Convention between different reporting periods; Draws conclusions on overall progress, opportunities and challenges, and provides key observations by article.

4. Overall progress in implementation of the Convention • Current status of implementation • Progress in implementation between reporting periods • Examples of recent strong achievements

5. Articles with the highest reported implementation rates (with more than 65% average implementation rates across the 126 Parties analysed): Article 8(Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke) Article 12 (Education, communication, training and public awareness) Article 16 (Sales to and by minors) Article 11 (Packaging and labeling of tobacco products) • Current status of implementation

6. Current status of implementation (cont’d) • Articles with reported implementation in the range 40% to 60%: • Article 15 (Illicit trade in tobacco products) • Article 5 (General obligations) • Article 10 (Regulation of tobacco product disclosures) • Article 20 (Research, surveillance and exchange of information) • Article 14 (Demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation) • Article 6 (Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco) • Article 9 (Regulation of the contents of tobacco products) • Article 13 (Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship)

7. Current status of implementation (cont’d) • Articles with the lowest reported implementation rates (of less than 25%): • Article 18 (Protection of the environment and the health of persons) • Article 22 (Cooperation in the scientific, technical and legal fields and provision of related expertise) • Article 19 (Liability) • Article 17 (Provision of support for economically viable alternative activities)

8. Average implementation rates (%) of substantive articles

9. Progress in implementation between reporting periods Changes in percentages of average rates of implementation by article

10. Progress in implementation between reporting periods • Articles that attracted relatively high positive changes over the reporting periods: • Article 8: +15 percentage points • Article 13: +12 percentage points (for the comprehensive advertising ban) • Article 12: +11 percentage points • Article 16: +7 percentage points • Article 20: +5 percentage points

11. Progress in implementation between reporting periods (cont’d) • Article 22: +4 percentage points; and • Article 14: +3 percentage points • Overall (all substantive articles): +4 percentage points (from 52% (by 2010) to 56% (in 2012))

12. Examples of recent strong achievements • Article 8 • Australia, Canada – smoking bans including partly covered or outdoor areas • Article 9 • Brazil – ban on the use of additives • Article 11 • Australia – plain packaging; Uruguay, Mauritius – increase inthe size of pictorial warnings

13. Examples of recent strong achievements (cont’d) • Article 13 • ban on displays of tobacco products at the point of sale: Australia (at subnational level), Canada, Finland, Ireland, Nepal, New Zealand, Norway, Palau and Panama; and • ban on advertising of tobacco products at points of sale: Australia (at subnational level), Finland, Ireland, Nepal and Ukraine

14. Article 5 (General obligations) • 74 Parties reported having comprehensive tobacco-control strategies, plans and programmes (Article 5.1) • 102 Parties reported having designated a national focal point for tobacco control; 76 Parties have a tobacco-control unit (Article 5.2(a)) • 91 Parties reported having established national coordinating mechanisms for tobacco control (Article 5.2(a))

15. Article 5 (cont’d) Adoption of legislative, executive, administrative and other measures (as per Article 5.2(b)) in relation of ratification of the WHO FCTC

16. Article 5.3 (Protection of public health policies from the tobacco industry) • 68 Parties reported taking steps to prevent tobacco industry interference • 34 Parties took measures to make information on tobacco industry activities available to the public • Specific references on Article 5.3 included in national legislations: Burkina Faso, Djibouti and Namibia

17. Article 5 (cont’d) – Key observations

18. Article 6 (Price and tax measures to reduce the demand for tobacco) Total tax rates levied by Parties on cigarettes by WHO region (% of average retail prices)

19. Article 6 (cont’d) Percentages of Parties reporting on types of tobacco excise taxation across reporting periods, by WHO region

20. Article 6 (cont’d) Mean average prices per pack of 20 cigarettes (US$) for different reporting periods, by WHO region

21. Article 6 (cont’d) • 38 Parties reported that they prohibit or restrict duty-free sales to international travelers • 57 Parties prohibit or restrict imports by international travelers of tax- and duty-free tobacco products • 14 Parties provided information on earmarkingtobacco taxes for health • 35 Parties provided data on economicburden of tobacco use

22. Article 6 (cont’d) – Key observations

23. Article 8 (Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke) Number of Parties (of 120 Parties that provided information on this area) applying various degrees of bans on tobacco smoking, by setting

24. Article 8 – Extent of smoke-free regulations Number of Parties (of 109 Parties that reached their individual five-year time frame for implementation) reporting complete bans on tobacco smoking, by the number of types of public places in which such bans apply

25. Article 8 – Enforcement of measures • 88 Parties reported having mechanisms/infrastructures for the enforcement of smoke-free measures (monitoring/prosecution arms) • Compliance monitoring • Health, sanitary, labour and educational inspectorates (national/subnational) • NGOs • Police force • Mechanisms to receive and address citizens’ complaints • Penalties/prosecution • Embedded in national legislations • Types and level of administrative penalties laid down in codes of administrative offences/violation

26. Article 8 – Time frame for implementation (5 years, in the guidelines) Number of Parties (of 109 Parties that reached their individual five-year time frame for implementation) reporting complete bans on tobacco smoking, by types of public places

27. Article 8 (cont’d) – Key observations

28. Article 9 (Regulation of the contents) and Article 10 (Regulation of tobacco product disclosures) Number of Parties implementing provisions under Article 9 Number of Parties implementing provisions under Article 10

29. Articles 9 and 10 – Key observations

30. Article 11 (Packaging and labeling of tobacco products) Number of Parties implementing provisions under Article 11

31. Article 11 – Time frame for implementation (3 years) Number of Parties that have implemented the eight time-bound provisions under Article 11 (of 119 that reached their individual three-year deadlines)

32. Article 11 – Key observations

33. Article 12 (Education, communication, training and public awareness) Areas covered in Parties’ educational and public awareness programmes

34. Article 12 (cont’d) Number of Parties that reported targeting specific groups in educational and public awareness programmes

35. Article 12 – Key observations

36. Article 13 (Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship) • Over 2/3 of Parties (86) reported introducing a comprehensive ban on all forms of tobacco advertising promotion and sponsorship • 53 of the Parties with a ban in place include cross-border advertising, promotion and sponsorship originating from their territory in the ban • Five Parties (Canada, Cook Islands, Ghana, Japan and Mexico) explained that they are precluded from doing so by their constitutions or constitutional principles

37. Article 13 (cont’d) Number of Parties reporting inclusion of selected provisions in their ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (of 86 Parties that reported a comprehensive ban)

38. Article 13 – Time frame for implementation (5 years) Number of Parties implementing timeline-bound provisions under Article 13 (of 109 Parties that reached their individual deadlines for implementation)

39. Article 13 – Key observations

40. Article 14 (Measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation) • Half of the Parties reported having developed integrated national cessation guidelines based on scientific evidence and best practices • Over half of the Parties (76) reported including tobacco-dependence diagnosis and treatment and counselling services in their national tobacco-control strategies, plans and programmes • Almost 2/3 of Parties (81) integrate tobacco dependence services in their health-care systems; in 1/4 of Parties such services are fully reimbursed, in another 1/4 they are partially reimbursed • 1/3 of Parties (46) included tobacco dependence treatment in the curricula of medical professionals

41. Article 14 (cont’d) Number of Parties reporting a specific programme to promote cessation of tobacco use

42. Article 14 – Key observations

43. Article 15 (Illicit trade in tobacco products) • 2/3 of Parties (84) reported enacting or strengthening legislation to control illicit trade; and 7 more have begun to develop such legislation • More than half of Parties (69) provided data on seizures of illicit tobacco products • 17 Parties provided data on the share of smuggled tobacco products on the national tobacco market (ranging from 0.20% (Sweden) to 40% (Botswana)) • Over 1/4 of Parties (36) reported that they developed a tracking and tracing regime

44. Article 15 (cont’d) Number of Parties reporting implementation of Article 15 provisions

45. Article 15 – Key observations

46. Article 16 (Sales to and by minors) • 90% of Parties (112) reported prohibiting sales of tobacco products to minors and 2/3 of Parties (84) reported prohibiting sales by minors • The legal age of majority was specified as ranging from 16 to 21 years • Examples of activities undertaken to raise awareness among tobacco sellers of the rules concerning sales to minors and to monitor compliance with such rules is available from several Parties • Good practices on reducing the accessibility of tobacco vending machines to prevent minors from using them are available from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada and San Marino

47. Article 16 (cont’d) Number of Parties reporting implementation of Article 16 provisions

48. Article 16 – Key observations

49. Article 17 (Provision of support for economically viable alternative activities) • 62 Parties reported (of 129 reporting) growing tobacco in their jurisdictions • the reported share of the value of tobacco leaf production in GDP is around or below 1% •  good examples of approaches to providing alternative livelihoods are available from a few Parties (Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Malaysia, Mexico)

50. Article 18 (Protection of the environment and the health of persons) • Recent progress reported by Parties in areas such as: • introducing policies to regulate tobacco manufacturing • implementing measures to improve energy savings and reduce emissions in the course of tobacco production • inspecting tobacco manufacturing facilities regularly to verify compliance with production standards • establishing sanctions for environmental pollution caused by tobacco manufacturing • developing guidelines for good agricultural practices in the use of fertilizers, plant protection products and water consumption • ensuring that agricultural pesticides are only sold by dealers on prescription from agricultural engineers