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Energy and Matter Diagrams

Energy and Matter Diagrams. Energy transformations. Marshmallow burned—thermal energy was released We said energy was “released” from the marshmallow—but all the molecules/atoms could be accounted for—so where in the marshmallow did the energy come from?

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Energy and Matter Diagrams

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  1. Energy and Matter Diagrams

  2. Energy transformations • Marshmallow burned—thermal energy was released • We said energy was “released” from the marshmallow—but all the molecules/atoms could be accounted for—so where in the marshmallow did the energy come from? • When the bonds of sugar were broken and reformed making co2 and h2o– energy was released

  3. So…the energy was in the bonds of the molecules The chemical energy of the sugar molecules was released as thermal energy So, did the c, h, and o atoms turn in to energy when the sugar was burned? So where is the sugar?

  4. Marshmallow Burning Energy transfer Marshmallow Environment Thermal, Light Chemical

  5. Energy source: where did the energy come from? What type of energy is it? Energy transfer: arrow, change in energy form Energy receiver: where did the energy go? What type of energy is it?

  6. Using the information in the energy diagram…describe in 2-3 sentences… What happens to the chemical energy in the marshmallow when it is burned?

  7. What is ATP? Tri (3) “T” PHOSPHATE “P” ADENOSINE “A”

  8. ATP and energy used by cells Cells use energy stored in the form of a molecule called ATP All other sources of energy must be converted and stored in molecules of ATP to be used by cells

  9. P PHOSPHATE “P” ADENOSINE “A”

  10. Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate” P

  11. P Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 2 phosphates (P) “di-phosphate” P P

  12. P P P Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 2 phosphates (P) “di-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 3 phosphates (P) “tri-phosphate” P P P

  13. P P P P P P AMP “mono-phosphate” ADP “di-phosphate” ATP “tri-phosphate”

  14. Note: you do NOT need to memorize names of these molecules The molecular diagrams and names are to help you visualize the processes and help you put the concepts into a context P P P ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

  15. Building ATP requires energy as an INPUT P P P

  16. Breaking ATP releases energy as an OUTPUT Kinetic energy P P P

  17. ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP P P P MORE stored energy

  18. ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP P P P LESS stored energy

  19. P P P P P P ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP MORE stored energy LESS stored energy ADP P ATP +

  20. P P P P P P MORE stored energy ATP OUTPUT INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK CHEMICAL ENERGY + P ADP LESS stored energy

  21. P P P P P P ATP cycles between ADP and ATP as chemical energy is converted into energy for cellular work OUTPUT INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK CHEMICAL ENERGY

  22. Conservation of matter Matter is not created or destroyed • The atoms do not disappear when ATP is used for cellular work, they simply break apart and rearrange into ADP and P • Chemical energy does not “turn into” ATP, it simply allows ADP and P to join together and rearrange to build ATP Matter cyclesbetween different forms

  23. MORE stored energy Glucose OUTPUT INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy

  24. MORE stored energy Glucose OUTPUT INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy

  25. Carbon cycles between carbon dioxide and glucose as light energy is converted into chemical energy OUTPUT INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY

  26. Conservation of matter Matter is not created or destroyed • The carbon atoms do not disappear when glucose is used for chemical energy, they simply break apart and rearrange into carbon dioxide • Light energy does not “turn into” glucose, it simply allows carbon atoms to join together and rearrange to build glucose Matter cycles between different forms

  27. What is glucose? • A hexagon is used to represent glucose because of its shape Carbon dioxide Glucose

  28. Glucose has more stored energy (potential energy) than carbon dioxide LESS stored energy

  29. Building glucose requires energy as an INPUT Glucose Carbon dioxide molecules

  30. Breaking glucose releases energy as an OUTPUT Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Kinetic energy

  31. Glucose has more stored energy (potential energy) than carbon dioxide MORE stored energy

  32. Glucose has more stored energy (potential energy) than carbon dioxide MORE stored energy LESS stored energy Carbon dioxide Glucose

  33. MORE stored energy Glucose OUTPUT INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy

  34. P P P P P P MORE stored energy ATP OUTPUT INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK CHEMICAL ENERGY + P ADP LESS stored energy

  35. + P ADP P P P P P P Matter cycles as energy is transformed Glucose ATP LIGHT ENERGY CHEMICAL ENERGY ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK Carbon dioxide

  36. Open your packets to lesson 11. I’ll check ?’s 1-3 Complete plant lab. Label your paper towel with your plants.

  37. Marshmallow Burning Energy transfer Marshmallow Environment Thermal, Light Chemical

  38. Carbohydrates in Food GLUCOSE Energy transfer Environment Chemical Thermal

  39. Carbohydrates in Food ATP in Muscle cells Energy transfer Usable/ chemical chemical

  40. Any similarities between the processes we do and the burning of the marshmallow? Cellularrespiration is very similar to the marshmallow burning—same inputs and outputs About 60% of the energy released during cellular respiration is released as thermal energy. The other 40% is available to the cell as useful energy in the molecule ATP.

  41. Cellular Respiration Thermal Energy transfer Environment 60% Glucose from Food ATP in Cell 40% Chemical Usable/ chemical

  42. ATP in Cell Cell Energy transfer Usable Chemical kinetic

  43. Cell Muscle fiber Environment Energy transfer kinetic thermal

  44. Thermal Cellular Respiration Energy transfer Environment 60% Glucose in cell Environment ATP in Cell Cell Energy transfer Energy transfer 40% Chemical Useful/ chemical kinetic thermal

  45. Our usual body temp—37 c Room temp is about 25 c How could you use those two facts as evidence that we produce thermal energy? What other evidence can you think of that thermal energy is produced in our bodies?

  46. Explain how the energy in our food is used to keep our bodies warm.

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