Contact: Dr. Karen Dilka Eastern Kentucky University

1. Contact: Dr. Karen DilkaEastern Kentucky University • Date submitted to deafed.net – May 29, 2007 • To contact the author for permission to use this PowerPoint, please e-mail: Karen.Dilka@EKU.EDU • To use this PowerPoint presentation in its entirety, please give credit to the author.

2. Samuel HeinickeFather of Oral Education

3. The Early Years • Born April 10th, 1727 in Nautschutz, Germany to a wealthy farmer. • Lost his inheritance • 1750 he enlisted in the army in Dresden • Studied with the Guard’s Chaplain • Began to tutor children of his officers

4. 1754 he tutored his first deaf pupil • Johann Konrad Amman’s Surdus Loquens (Talking Deaf) • Heinicke then chose deaf education as his vocation and decided to leave the army • His request for dismissal was declined due to the arise of the Seven Years War

5. Captured by the Prussians • This was his way out of the Army • Slipped through the gates of the prison disguised as a fiddler • Fled to Jena and reunited with his family • Afraid of being caught he fled again toHamburg and became a tutor

6. First School • School at Eppendorf • Educating his second deaf pupil proved successful • Elector Fredrick August’s interest was captured • Provided Heinicke with money for school

7. Electoral Saxon Institute for Mutes and Other Persons with Speech Defects • Founded 1778 • Annual grant from the state • Student tuition • Director of school for 12 years • Died of stroke in 1790

8. Publications 1773-1775 • Three articles • 1st: written language provided natural transition to speech; criticized those who began by teaching spoken language • 2nd: he omitted his criticism • 3rd: taught pupils to both speak and write, but emphasized speech

9. 1775, published first textbook written on the instruction of deaf pupils • 1778 Observations of the Deaf and Dumb • “ In my method of instructing the deaf, spoken language is the fundamental point- the hinge upon which everything turns.”

10. Principles of Instruction • Taste • “Learning speech, which depends on hearing, is only possible by substituting another sense for hearing, and this can be no other than taste, which serves chiefly to fix vowel sounds. • A, pure water; E, wormwood (vermouth extract); I, vinegar; O, sugar water; U, olive oil

11. Speech machine • Top to bottom method

12. References • www.britannica.com • Turning points in the education of deaf people: Edward L. Scouten/ Danville, Ill : Interstate Printers and Publishers, c1984 • The conquest of deafness: Ruth E. Bender/ Danville, Ill: Interstate Printers and Publishers, c1981 • Gallaudet Encyclopedia of Deaf people and Deafness: John V. Van Cleve/ Gallaudet College, McGraw-Hill Book Co, Inc. • Educating the Deaf: Donald F. Moores/ Houghton Mifflin Co., c2001